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Temperature affects both the biology and morphology of mosquito vectors. Geometric morphometrics is a useful new tool for capturing and analyzing differences in shape and size in many morphological parameters, including wings. We have used this technique for capturing the differences in the wings of the malaria vector Anopheles superpictus, using cohorts reared at six different constant temperatures (15°, 20°, 25°, 27°, 30°, and 35° C) and also searched for potential correlations with the life tables of the species. We studied wing shape in both male and female adults, using 22 landmarks on the wing in relation to ecological parameters, including the development rate. The ecological zero was calculated as 9.93° C and the thermal constant as 296.34 day‐degrees. The rearing temperature affects egg, larval, and pupal development and also the total time from egg to adult. As rearing temperatures increased, longevity decreased in both sexes. In An. superpictus, Ro value and productivity correlated with the statistically significant gradual deformations in the wing shape related to size in both sexes. These deformations directly linked to differences in immature rearing temperatures. Analysis using PCA and UPGMA phenograms showed that although wings of females became narrower dorsoventrally as the temperature increased, they became broader in males. Comparisons of the wing landmarks indicated the medial part of the wing was most affected by larval rearing temperatures, showing relatively more deformations. Algorithmic values of the life tables were determined in correlation with the results of geometric morphometrics. Comparisons of centroid sizes in the cohorts showed that overall wing size became smaller in both sexes in response to higher rearing temperatures. 相似文献
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Sam Mavandadi Steve Feng Frank Yu Stoyan Dimitrov Karin Nielsen-Saines William R. Prescott Aydogan Ozcan 《PloS one》2012,7(10)
We propose a methodology for digitally fusing diagnostic decisions made by multiple medical experts in order to improve accuracy of diagnosis. Toward this goal, we report an experimental study involving nine experts, where each one was given more than 8,000 digital microscopic images of individual human red blood cells and asked to identify malaria infected cells. The results of this experiment reveal that even highly trained medical experts are not always self-consistent in their diagnostic decisions and that there exists a fair level of disagreement among experts, even for binary decisions (i.e., infected vs. uninfected). To tackle this general medical diagnosis problem, we propose a probabilistic algorithm to fuse the decisions made by trained medical experts to robustly achieve higher levels of accuracy when compared to individual experts making such decisions. By modelling the decisions of experts as a three component mixture model and solving for the underlying parameters using the Expectation Maximisation algorithm, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach which significantly improves the overall diagnostic accuracy of malaria infected cells. Additionally, we present a mathematical framework for performing ‘slide-level’ diagnosis by using individual ‘cell-level’ diagnosis data, shedding more light on the statistical rules that should govern the routine practice in examination of e.g., thin blood smear samples. This framework could be generalized for various other tele-pathology needs, and can be used by trained experts within an efficient tele-medicine platform. 相似文献
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Fatih M Simsek Bulent Alten Selim S Caglar Yusuf Ozbel A Murat Aytekin Sinan Kaynas Asli Belen Ozge Erisoz Kasap Mehmet Yaman Samiye Rastgeldi 《Journal of vector ecology》2007,32(2):269-279
The two Old World genera, Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, were both recorded in southern Anatolia in Turkey. Phlebotomus species predominated and comprised about 93% of the entire collection (3,172 specimens). Out of the sixteen species identified, two belonged to the genus Sergentomyia: S. dentata and S. theodori. The remaining fourteen species in the genus Phlebotomus were grouped under four subgenera including some species that are elsewhere known to act as vectors of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Most of the Phlebotomus were P. tobbi (32.5%), but P. papatasi, P. transcaucasicus, P. halepensis, P. galilaeus, P. sergenti, P. syriacus, P. neglectus, P. simici, P. alexandri, P. similis, P jacusieli, P. perfiliewi, and P. brevis were also identified. There were two associations of sand fly fauna with altitudinal gradient; the first one at relatively higher altitudes and the second one at lower altitudes. The transition between these two assemblages was within the range of 800-1,000 m. It is likely that Adana and Hatay provinces are transitional areas between western and eastern Anatolia. Mountains do not appear to be important geographical barriers for sand fly distribution. We also found that the proven vector P. sergenti is a widely distributed species throughout southern Anatolia and this species, together with its closely related species P. similis, shows sympatry in Konya Province. 相似文献
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C Ozesmi P Dogan S Aydogan O Bayindir R Saraymen N Dursun 《Acta physiologica Hungarica》1992,79(1):95-101
The changes of immunoglobulin-G and creatinine levels in mid-altitude were investigated in rabbits. The animals living at sea level were exposed to 2240 m altitude for 22 days period. When compared with sea level values; immunoglobulin-G levels were significantly low. Serum creatinine level decreased significantly in the 2nd day, then reached the sea level amount on the 12th day. On the 22nd day a significant increase was observed. It was concluded that the decrease in immunoglobulin-G values may be due to the depression of protein synthesis. The increase in plasma creatinine level would be explained by the decrease in urine. 相似文献
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Timothy W. Yu Maria H. Chahrour Michael E. Coulter Sarn Jiralerspong Kazuko Okamura-Ikeda Bulent Ataman Klaus Schmitz-Abe David A. Harmin Mazhar Adli Athar N. Malik Alissa M. D’Gama Elaine T. Lim Stephan J. Sanders Ganesh H. Mochida Jennifer N. Partlow Christine M. Sunu Jillian M. Felie Jacqueline Rodriguez Christopher A. Walsh 《Neuron》2013,77(2):259-273
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Cigdem Alkan Ozge Erisoz Kasap Bulent Alten Xavier de Lamballerie Rémi N. Charrel 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2016,10(3)
BackgroundMany studies have presented virus sequences which suggest the existence of a variety of putative new phleboviruses transmitted by sandflies in the Old World. However, in most of these studies, only partial sequences in the polymerase or the nucleoprotein genes were characterised. Therefore to further our understand of the presence and potential medical importance of sandfly-borne phleboviruses that circulate in southern Anatolia, we initiated field campaigns in 2012 and 2013 designed to identify, isolate and characterise phleboviruses in sandflies in this regionConclusions/SignificanceThe results indicate that a variety of phleboviruses are co-circulating in this region of southern Anatolia. Based on our studies, these new viruses clearly belong to genetic groups that include several human pathogens. However, whether or not Toros and Zerdali viruses can infect humans and cause diseases such as sandfly fever remains to be investigated. 相似文献
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Stphanie Sherpa Maya Guguen Julien Renaud Michael G. B. Blum Thierry Gaude Frdric Laporte Mustafa Akiner Bulent Alten Carles Aranda Hlne Barre‐Cardi Romeo Bellini Mikel Bengoa Paulis Xiao‐Guang Chen Roger Eritja Eleonora Flacio Cipriano Foxi Intan H. Ishak Katja Kalan Shinji Kasai Fabrizio Montarsi Igor Pajovi Duan Petri Rosa Termine Nataa Turi Gonzalo M. Vazquez‐Prokopec Enkelejda Velo Goran Vignjevi Xiaohong Zhou Laurence Desprs 《Ecology and evolution》2019,9(22):12658-12675
Invasive species can encounter environments different from their source populations, which may trigger rapid adaptive changes after introduction (niche shift hypothesis). To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether postintroduction evolution is correlated with contrasting environmental conditions between the European invasive and source ranges in the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. The comparison of environmental niches occupied in European and source population ranges revealed more than 96% overlap between invasive and source niches, supporting niche conservatism. However, we found evidence for postintroduction genetic evolution by reanalyzing a published ddRADseq genomic dataset from 90 European invasive populations using genotype–environment association (GEA) methods and generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM). Three loci, among which a putative heat‐shock protein, exhibited significant allelic turnover along the gradient of winter precipitation that could be associated with ongoing range expansion. Wing morphometric traits weakly correlated with environmental gradients within Europe, but wing size differed between invasive and source populations located in different climatic areas. Niche similarities between source and invasive ranges might have facilitated the establishment of populations. Nonetheless, we found evidence for environmental‐induced adaptive changes after introduction. The ability to rapidly evolve observed in invasive populations (genetic shift) together with a large proportion of unfilled potential suitable areas (80%) pave the way to further spread of Ae. albopictus in Europe. 相似文献
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Tachycardia induced tachycardias are not common in clinical practice, and it is believed that most cases of double tachycardia are coincidental. The existence of two different tachycardias in the same patient almost always poses problems in the electrophysiology laboratory. However, in rare instances, the emergence of a second tachycardia can actually provide invaluable information about the first one. In this report, we describe a 30-year-old woman who presented with palpitations. Electrophysiological study revealed that atrial programmed stimulation at baseline induced right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia. The study also showed that each of the tachycardias was able to induce the other. A short run of RVOT tachycardia during supraventricular tachycardia was able to entrain the latter. This finding provided important information about the nature of the supraventricular tachycardia, which proved to be atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Both of these tachycardias were successfully ablated, and the patient's palpitations disappeared. 相似文献