Public Environmental Archaeology

Environmental Archaeology: Meaning and Purpose. Umberto Albarella. ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. 324 pp.
Environmental Archaeology: Principles and Practice. Dena F. Dincauze. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 587 pp.
Public Benefits of Archaeology. Barbara J. Little. ed. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002. 277 pp.     

Movement patterns of temperate wrasses (Labridae) within a small marine protected area

The movement patterns of three commercially important wrasse (Labridae) species inside a small marine protected area (~ 0.15 km²) on the west coast of Norway were analysed over a period of 21 months. The mean distance between capture and recapture locations varied between 10 and 187 m, and was species and season specific. The extent of movement was not related to body size or sex. These results imply that a network of small strategically located marine protected areas can be used as management tools to protect wrasses from size- and sex-selective fishing mortality.     

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses on treatment of asthma: critical evaluation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical, methodological, and reporting aspects of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the treatment of asthma and to compare those published by the Cochrane Collaboration with those published in paper based journals.DesignAnalysis of studies identified from Medline, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, personal collections, and reference lists.StudiesArticles describing a systematic review or a meta-analysis of the treatment of asthma that were published as a full report, in any language or format, in a peer reviewed journal or the Cochrane Library.Results50 systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. More than half were published in the past two years. Twelve reviews were published in the Cochrane Library and 38 were published in 22 peer reviewed journals. Forced expiratory volume in one second was the most frequently used outcome, but few reviews evaluated the effect of treatment on costs or patient preferences. Forty reviews were judged to have serious or extensive flaws. All six reviews associated with industry were in this group. Seven of the 10 most rigorous reviews were published in the Cochrane Library.ConclusionsMost reviews published in peer reviewed journals or funded by industry have serious methodological flaws that limit their value to guide decisions. Cochrane reviews are more rigorous and better reported than those published in peer reviewed journals.     

Design,synthesis and evaluation of constrained tetrahydroimidazopyrimidine derivatives as antagonists of corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1R)

Several tetrahydroimidazopyrimidines were prepared using silver assisted cyclization as the key step. The binding affinities of compounds thus prepared were evaluated in vitro toward hCRF₁R. Initial lead compound 16 (K_i = 32 nM) demonstrated modest putative anxiolytic effects in the mouse canopy test. Further optimization using parallel synthesis provided compounds with K_i’s <50 nM.     

The escape response of food-deprived cod larvae (Gadus morhua L.)

The escape response of Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua) 25 and 47 days post hatch (dph) - either fed or deprived of food for three days - was studied. Larval escape responses were provoked by water movement from the suction of a fixed-position pipette. Escape latency, distance, speed, burst speed, and vertical and lateral escape angles were quantified using motion tracking software designed for 3-D silhouette video recordings. Escape performance, expressed as escape distance and escape speed, improved with age. The escape angles were normally distributed and highly variable, ranging from − 170° to 170° and − 40° to 105° for lateral and vertical escape angles respectively. No food deprivation-induced effects in any of the behaviours were found, suggesting that there are no condition-related behavioural effects (size-independent effects) in escape response performance after 3 d of food deprivation. This may reflect a negligible difference in the cost/benefit equation for fed vs. food-deprived larvae in performing an escape response when under attack.     

The Peabody Museum, Frederic W. Putnam, and the Rise of U.S. Anthropology, 1866-1903

This article explores the intersection of the career of Frederic Ward Putnam with the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard to the history of U.S. archaeology between his appointment as professor in 1866 and his death in 1915. Putnam was also active in institutional developments at Chicago, Berkeley, and New York. [Keywords: Frederic Ward Putnam, U.S. archaeology, Peabody Museum]     

2-arylaminothiazoles as high-affinity corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor (CRF1R) antagonists: synthesis, binding studies and behavioral efficacy

2-arylamino-4-trifluoromethyl-5-aminomethylthiazoles represent a novel series of high-affinity corticotropin releasing factor-1 receptor (CRF(1)R) antagonists that are prepared in three steps in good overall yields. Herein, we report binding SAR as well as anxiolytic activity of an exemplary compound (7a, K(i)=8.6 nM) in a mouse canopy model.     

Systemic adjuvant therapy for node-negative breast cancer.

In response to recent advice from the US National Cancer Institute concerning the use of systemic adjuvant therapy for node-negative breast cancer we reviewed the literature and found that several studies have shown evidence of a disease-free, but not an overall, survival advantage for treated patients. The benefits have been modest and may not outweight the cost and toxic effects of such therapy. Routine use does not seem to be justified. Factors must be identified to differentiate between patients at low risk and those at high risk. It should then be determined if adjuvant therapy is truly beneficial in those who are at high risk.