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1.
Dennis W. Jung Gerald P. Brierley 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1982,106(4):1372-1377
Heart mitochondria respiring in the presence of Pi release endogenous K+ to a sucrose medium when an uncoupler is added. The uncoupled mitochondria retain K+, however, if the oxidation of NAD(P)H is prevented by the addition of rotenone or antimycin. Addition of rotenone, once the uncoupler-dependent K+-efflux has been initiated, results in a rapid reduction of NAD(P) and a simultaneous decrease in permeability to K+. These changes are independent of respiration. The results suggest that a latent pathway for K+-permeability is present in the membrane, that it can be opened and closed reversibly, and that it reflects, either directly or indirectly, the redox status of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides. The possible relationship of this putative pathway to those available for Ca2+ uptake and release is considered. 相似文献
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Gerald P. Brierley Kemal Baysal Dennis W. Jung 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》1994,26(5):519-526
It is now well established that mitochondria contain three antiporters that transport monovalent cations. A latent, allosterically regulated K+/H+ antiport appears to serve as a cation-extruding device that helps maintain mitochondrial volume homeostasis. An apparently unregulated Na+/H+ antiport keeps matrix [Na+] low and the Na+-gradient equal to the H+-gradient. A Na+/Ca2+ antiport provides a Ca2+-extruding mechanism that permits the mitochondrion to regulate matrix [Ca2+] by balancing Ca2+ efflux against influx on the Ca2+-uniport. All three antiports have well-defined physiological roles and their molecular properties and regulatory features are now being determined. Mitochondria also contain monovalent cation uniports, such as the recently described ATP- and glibenclamide-sensitive K+ channel and ruthenium red-sensitive uniports for Na+ and K+. A physiological role of such uniports has not been established and their properties are just beginning to be defined. 相似文献
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Emile CL. Marnette Harm Houweling Herman Van Dam Jan Willem Erisman 《Biogeochemistry》1993,23(2):119-144
The chemical composition of surface waters of two Dutch moorland pools and of incident precipitation, was monitored from 1982
to 1990. For this period, sulfur and water budgets were calculated using a hydrochemical model developed for well-mixed non-stratifying
lakes. Total atmospheric deposition of S decreased significantly after 1986 at both locations. A model describing the sulfur
budget in terms of input, output and reduction/oxidation processes predicted a fast decrease of pool water SO4
2− concentrations after a decrease of atmospheric input. However, SO4
2− concentrations in the surface water was lowered only slightly or remained constant. Apparently a source within the lake caused
the unexpectedly high SO4
2− concentrations. The possible supply of SO4
2− from the sediment through regulation by (K-)Al-SO4 containing minerals or desorption of SO4
2− from positively charged surfaces in the sediment was evaluated. Solubility calculations of pore water with respect to alunite,
basaluminite and jurbanite indicated that SO4
2− concentration was not regulated by these minerals. It is suggested here (1) that desorption of SO4
2− from peaty sediments may account for the estimated SO4
2− supply provided that the adsorption complex is periodically recharged by partial oxidation of the upper bottom sediments
and (2) that because of exposure of a part of the pool bottom to the atmosphere during dry summers and subsequent oxidation
of reduced S, the amount of SO4
2− may be provided which complements the decreasing depositional SO4
2− input. In future research these two mechanisms need to be investigated. 相似文献
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Mitochondria isolated from potato tubers fail to undergo passive osmotic swelling when suspended in isotonic Na+ acetate or phosphate, in NaCl following addition of tripropyltin, or in Na+ nitrate following addition of an uncoupler. Swelling under each of these conditions in mitochondria from other sources has been attributed to the inward movement of Na+ on an endogenous Na+/H+ exchanger. Such a monovalent cation/H+ exchanger has also been implicated in respiration-dependent cation extrusion and contraction of swollen mitochondria. Potato mitochondria swollen in chloride and nitrate salts extrude ions and contract when respiration is initiated. The contraction reaction is slower and less efficient than that in beef heart mitochondria, but like the latter, is sensitive to uncouplers and stimulated by nigericin, butacaine, and Mg2+. These comparative studies suggest that a cation+/H+ exchanger is present in potato tuber mitochondria, but that it functions exclusively as a cation-extruding mechanism. They further suggest that cation+/H+ exchange activity is not identical in mitochondria from different sources and that these exchange components may have a directionality and regulatory features which differ with the metabolic needs of the source tissue. 相似文献