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E V Usenko A I Bozhkov P A Kaliman 《Nauchnye doklady vysshe? shkoly. Biologicheskie nauki》1991,(12):34-42
The effect of copper ions and insulin on the rate of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and on the growth dynamics of Tetrahymena pyriformis cells, and also joint action of Cu2+ and insulin on these processes has been investigated. The effect of Cu2+ after 6-fold action of heat shock (34 degrees C) on the cell culture has been studied. The results obtained indicate that significant reconstructions of the infusoria cell functioning conditions caused by various reasons re of great importance in the adaptation mechanisms to such stress factors as heavy metals. 相似文献
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Panagiotis N. Moschou Andrei P. Smertenko Elena A. Minina Kazutake Fukada Eugene I. Savenkov Stephanie Robert Patrick J. Hussey Peter V. Bozhkov 《The Plant cell》2013,25(6):2171-2186
Vesicle trafficking plays an important role in cell division, establishment of cell polarity, and translation of environmental cues to developmental responses. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating vesicle trafficking remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the evolutionarily conserved caspase-related protease separase (EXTRA SPINDLE POLES [ESP]) is required for the establishment of cell polarity and cytokinesis in Arabidopsis
thaliana. At the cellular level, separase colocalizes with microtubules and RabA2a (for RAS GENES FROM RAT BRAINA2a) GTPase-positive structures. Separase facilitates polar targeting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) to the rootward side of the root cortex cells. Plants with the radially swollen4 (rsw4) allele with compromised separase activity, in addition to mitotic failure, display isotropic cell growth, perturbation of auxin gradient formation, slower gravitropic response in roots, and cytokinetic failure. Measurements of the dynamics of vesicle markers on the cell plate revealed an overall reduction of the delivery rates of KNOLLE and RabA2a GTPase in separase-deficient roots. Furthermore, dissociation of the clathrin light chain, a protein that plays major role in the formation of coated vesicles, was slower in rsw4 than in the control. Our results demonstrate that separase is a key regulator of vesicle trafficking, which is indispensable for cytokinesis and the establishment of cell polarity. 相似文献
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Apoptosis is an evolutionarily young cell-death strategy evolved to disassemble animal cells through the action of the caspase family of proteases and phagocytic clearance. This strategy does not work in plants, which instead feature a phylogenetically older autophagic programmed cell death (PCD), as a bona fide type of cellular suicide. Recent work has begun to address the mechanistic roles for autophagic and proteolytic components, as well as their possible cooperation in plant PCD. A recent study has shown autophagosomal localization of a key cell-death proteolytic activity at the early stage of plant PCD. Here we focus on the relationship between autophagic and proteoloytic components in plant PCD at the cellular and organismal levels. 相似文献
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The model of partial hepatectomy was utilized to investigate the influence of human fetal liver cells (FLCs) and of human embryo tissue (PCF) postnuclear cytoplasm fraction injection on the rate of DNA and nRNA synthesis in regenerating rat liver cells. Single infusion of FLCs and PCF into the spleen pulp of rats has been shown to increase the DNA synthesis 24 hours after the operation in 2.5 +/- 0.4 and 3.2 +/- 0.5 times respectively. A group of rats has been identified with no influence of the infusion on the DNA synthesis 24 hours after partial hepatectomy, this process having been even retarding in 48 hours after the operation. Meanwhile the FLCs and PCF infusion enhanced the intensity of nRNA synthesis in 72 hours after the operation in all the animal groups. The effect demonstrated is probably caused by the biologically active substances contained in the fetal tissues. 相似文献
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Tight regulation of cell cycle is of critical importance for eukaryotic biology and is achieved through a combined action of a large number of highly specialized proteins. Separases are evolutionarily conserved caspase-like proteases playing a crucial role in cell cycle regulation, as they execute sister chromatid separation at metaphase to anaphase transition. In contrast to extensively studied yeast and metazoan separases, very little is known about the role of separases in plant biology. Here we describe the molecular mechanisms of separase-mediated chromatid segregation in yeast and metazoan models, discuss new emerging but less-understood functions of separases and highlight major gaps in our knowledge about plant separases. 相似文献
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Caspases are essential in animal programmed cell death both as initiator and executioner proteases. Plants do not have close caspase homologues, but several instances of caspase-like proteolytic activity have been demonstrated in connection with programmed cell death in plants. It was asked if caspase-like proteases are involved during development of the barley caryopsis. The presence of a caspase-6-like proteolytic activity that preferentially cleaved the sequence VEID was demonstrated. A range of protease inhibitors was tested and only caspase-specific inhibitors showed major inhibitory effects. The profile of VEIDase activity in developing starchy endosperm, embryo, and whole caryopsis was measured and showed a general trend of higher activity in young, rapidly developing tissues. The VEIDase activity was localized in vivo to vesicles, shown to be autophagosomes, in randomly distributed cells of the starchy endosperm. The VEIDase activity detected in barley caryopsis is similar to activities described previously in mammals, spruce, yeast, and thale cress. In mammals, spruce, and yeast, VEIDase activity has been shown to be positively correlated with the occurrence of programmed cell death. Several manifestations of programmed cell death exist in developing barley caryopsis, indicating a connection between VEIDase activity and developmental programmed cell death in barley. 相似文献
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Development of multiple embryos from a single zygote, the phenomenon called monozygotic polyembryony, is a widespread reproductive strategy found in higher plants and especially in gymnosperms. The enigma of plant monozygotic polyembryony is that only one embryo in a polyembryonic seed usually survives while the others are eliminated at an early stage. Here we report that programmed cell death (PCD) is the major mechanism responsible for elimination of subordinate embryos in a polyembryonic seed. Using post-fertilized pine (Pinus sylvestris) ovules, we show that once the dominant embryo is selected and, subsequently, the entire female gametophyte is affected by PCD, the cells of subordinate embryos initiate an autolytic self-destruction program. The progression of embryonic PCD follows a rigid basal-apical pattern, first killing the most basally situated cells, adjacent to the suspensor, and then proceeding towards the apical region until all cells in the embryonal mass are doomed. Our data demonstrate that during polyembryony, PCD serves to halt competition among monozygotic embryos in order to ensure survival of one embryo. 相似文献