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1.
Summary The use of reticulated polyurethane foam as a support material for the immobilization of methanogenic associations and its application to the anaerobic treatment of fine particulate solid wastes was investigated. The colonization of polyurethane support particles in a continuous upflow reactor fed on a mixture of acetate, propionate and butyrate, was both rapid and dense. The combination of rumen microorganisms and colonized support particles in a two-phase digester resulted in an efficient anaerobic decomposition of papermill sludge. 相似文献
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Surgical depilation for the treatment of pseudofolliculitis or local hirsutism of the face: experience in the first 40 patients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Forty patients underwent surgical depilation for pseudofolliculitis barbae or local hirsutism of the face during a 15-year period. The operative method and its results and pitfalls are discussed. Although it is not the treatment of choice, this operation is very useful when other therapy has not been successful. This seems especially true in male-to-female transsexuals. 相似文献
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Background
Long-term benefits in animal breeding programs require that increases in genetic merit be balanced with the need to maintain diversity (lost due to inbreeding). This can be achieved by using optimal contribution selection. The availability of high-density DNA marker information enables the incorporation of genomic data into optimal contribution selection but this raises the question about how this information affects the balance between genetic merit and diversity.Methods
The effect of using genomic information in optimal contribution selection was examined based on simulated and real data on dairy bulls. We compared the genetic merit of selected animals at various levels of co-ancestry restrictions when using estimated breeding values based on parent average, genomic or progeny test information. Furthermore, we estimated the proportion of variation in estimated breeding values that is due to within-family differences.Results
Optimal selection on genomic estimated breeding values increased genetic gain. Genetic merit was further increased using genomic rather than pedigree-based measures of co-ancestry under an inbreeding restriction policy. Using genomic instead of pedigree relationships to restrict inbreeding had a significant effect only when the population consisted of many large full-sib families; with a half-sib family structure, no difference was observed. In real data from dairy bulls, optimal contribution selection based on genomic estimated breeding values allowed for additional improvements in genetic merit at low to moderate inbreeding levels. Genomic estimated breeding values were more accurate and showed more within-family variation than parent average breeding values; for genomic estimated breeding values, 30 to 40% of the variation was due to within-family differences. Finally, there was no difference between constraining inbreeding via pedigree or genomic relationships in the real data.Conclusions
The use of genomic estimated breeding values increased genetic gain in optimal contribution selection. Genomic estimated breeding values were more accurate and showed more within-family variation, which led to higher genetic gains for the same restriction on inbreeding. Using genomic relationships to restrict inbreeding provided no additional gain, except in the case of very large full-sib families. 相似文献5.
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In the case of a female-to-male transsexual who has not yet undergone phalloplasty, one of the greatest concerns is how to give the appearance of having male external genitals. Many methods have been attempted by patients. We helped develop a silicone prosthesis after obtaining information on the demands of female-to-male transsexuals through a questionnaire sent to 120 of them. Three different models of the prosthesis were designed to enable three different methods of fixation. One of the methods of fixation involves the creation of a bipedicled skin flap in the pubic area. Thus this is the first of such prostheses that can be worn directly fixed to the body. It seems that the prosthesis developed in close cooperation with our department fulfills most of the needs of our patients. 相似文献
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Sexual attractiveness of unengorged, semiengorged and fully engorged females of both field and laboratory populations of Ixodes ricinus was studied under laboratory conditions by means of a computerised video tracking system. A male and a female were allowed
to walk freely in a glass arena during 1 h and their behavioural interactions were observed. Obtained results revealed that
the feeding status of I. ricinus females affects their sexual attractiveness. The highest attractiveness was observed in engorged females, the lowest in unengorged
females of the field population. Copulation occurred in all experimental groups with the highest frequency observed in the
unengorged virgin laboratory females. Despite engorged females being highly attractive for males on distance, the frequency
of copulation was low. Differences between field and laboratory populations were found in both behavioural parameters and
frequency of copulation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Bouman HJ Schömig E van Werkum JW Velder J Hackeng CM Hirschhäuser C Waldmann C Schmalz HG ten Berg JM Taubert D 《Nature medicine》2011,17(1):110-116
Clinical efficacy of the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel is hampered by its variable biotransformation into the active metabolite. The variability in the clinical response to clopidogrel treatment has been attributed to genetic factors, but the specific genes and mechanisms underlying clopidogrel bioactivation remain unclear. Using in vitro metabolomic profiling techniques, we identified paraoxonase-1 (PON1) as the crucial enzyme for clopidogrel bioactivation, with its common Q192R polymorphism determining the rate of active metabolite formation. We tested the clinical relevance of the PON1 Q192R genotype in a population of individuals with coronary artery disease who underwent stent implantation and received clopidogrel therapy. PON1 QQ192 homozygous individuals showed a considerably higher risk than RR192 homozygous individuals of stent thrombosis, lower PON1 plasma activity, lower plasma concentrations of active metabolite and lower platelet inhibition. Thus, we identified PON1 as a key factor for the bioactivation and clinical activity of clopidogrel. These findings have therapeutic implications and may be exploited to prospectively assess the clinical efficacy of clopidogrel. 相似文献
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