Weighted double deep Q-network based reinforcement learning for bi-objective multi-workflow scheduling in the cloud

Cluster Computing - As a promising distributed paradigm, cloud computing provides a cost-effective deploying environment for hosting scientific applications due to its provisioning elastic,...     

城市生态网络空间评价及其格局优化

合理的城市生态网络空间格局对于保障城市生态环境可持续发展具有重要意义。以哈尔滨中心城区为研究区,基于景观生态学"斑块-廊道-基质"理论,识别研究区生态源、生态廊道、生态节点和生态基质,分析生态网络连接度强弱的空间分布情况,运用GIS技术和CA-Marcov模型对生态网络格局进行模拟优化。研究结果表明:(1)研究区内部生态源较外部生态源与外界联系较密切;周边地区生态源或生态节点与生态廊道连接数目较少;中北部与西南部生态廊道连接度较差,东部生态廊道连接度处于中等水平,中部个别生态廊道连接度较好;转入的大型生态用地大片集中,转入的小型生态用地零星分布。(2)优化后的生态源地在东西方向与南北方向形成集中连片态势,大型生态源地间彼此连接程度较高;大型生态源之间,以及大型生态源与小型生态源之间构成大型生态廊道,是研究区内主要生态廊道网络;研究区小型生态源之间构成小型生态廊道,是研究区内次要生态廊道网络;研究区周边及研究区中心处60%的区域为生态节点盲区,应加强生态节点盲区生态建设;新增加的大部分生态用地,主要集中分布在水域生态源地周边,还有部分分布在绿地生态源地和风景区生态源地周边,其余少量新增加的生态用地零星分布在林地生态源地周边。研究成果为中心城区尺度的生态环境保护和城市规划提供科学的依据。     

不同环境条件下土壤微生物对模拟大气氮沉降的响应

研究了林内及林缘两个生境中,在有苔藓覆盖和无苔藓覆盖条件下,人工加氮对土壤理化性质及土壤微生物群落的影响。结果显示加氮使土壤pH下降,有效态氮和有效态磷的含量上升,但不同生境及有无苔藓植物覆盖在一定程度上影响土壤理化性质及其对加氮的反应。苔藓植物覆盖可以缓解加氮引起的土壤酸化及有效氮含量上升压力,促进有效态磷含量上升。不同生境中,土壤微生物对氮沉降的响应亦不同。低氮使林缘生境土壤微生物的胁迫程度减小,中高氮使其胁迫程度上升,而任何加氮均增加林内生境中土壤微生物的胁迫程度。两个生境中,苔藓植物覆盖均可以缓解过量氮沉降对土壤微生物造成的压力,降低过量氮沉降对土壤微生物的伤害,提高土壤微生物的代谢活性。     

Physiological responses of Pogonatum cirratum subsp. fuscatum living in different habitats to simulated nitrogen deposition

The effects of nitrogen (N) deposition on Pogonatum cirratum (Sw.) Bird. subsp. fuscatum (Mitt.) Hyvoenen, a species of moss widely distributed in South China, were investigated. Plots subjected to a gradient of N treatments were established in 3 habitats with different illumination and humidity conditions. N was sprayed onto plots with NH₄NO₃ solutions, at doses equivalent to 20, 40 and 60 kg N ha^?1, in 4 applications during May 2006 and January 2007. The results suggest that high N deposition affects both carbon (C) and N metabolism of P. cirratum subsp. fuscatum, as well as the interaction between them. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the moss varied according to the humidity and light conditions. Moss in a habitat with high humidity and moderate light was more tolerant to an N deposition increase than moss in a habitat with low humidity and low light, as the latter was extremely sensitive to an increase in N deposition.     

Physiological responses of Pogonatum cirratum subsp. fuscatum living in different habitats to simulated nitrogen deposition

The effects of nitrogen (N) deposition on Pogonatum cirratum (Sw.) Bird. subsp. fuscatum (Mitt.) Hyvoenen, a species of moss widely distributed in South China, were investigated. Plots subjected to a gradient of N treatments were established in 3 habitats with different illumination and humidity conditions. N was sprayed onto plots with NH₄NO₃ solutions, at doses equivalent to 20, 40 and 60 kg N ha^?1, in 4 applications during May 2006 and January 2007. The results suggest that high N deposition affects both carbon (C) and N metabolism of P. cirratum subsp. fuscatum, as well as the interaction between them. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the moss varied according to the humidity and light conditions. Moss in a habitat with high humidity and moderate light was more tolerant to an N deposition increase than moss in a habitat with low humidity and low light, as the latter was extremely sensitive to an increase in N deposition.     

Interleukin17A Promotes Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction by Triggering β-Amyloid Accumulation via the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)/Smad Signaling Pathway

Although postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is relatively common in elderly patients who have undergone major surgery, the mechanisms underlying this postoperative complication are unclear. Previously, we have investigated the role of cytokine-mediated hippocampal inflammation in the development of POCD in a rat model. Here, we sought to determine in mice the role of cytokine interleukin17A (IL17A) in POCD and to characterize the associated signaling pathways. Old mice underwent hepatectomy surgery in the presence or absence of IL17A monoclonal antibody, and cognitive function, hippocampal neuroinflammation, and pathologic markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were assessed. We found that the level of IL17A in the hippocampus was increased in hepatectomy mice and that cognitive impairment after surgery was associated with the appearance of certain pathological hallmarks of AD: activation of astrocytes, β-amyloid_1-42 (Aβ_1–42) production, upregulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), and increased phosphorylation of signaling mother against decapentaplegic peptide 3 (Smad3) protein in the hippocampus. Surgery-induced changes in cognitive dysfunction and changes in Aβ_1–42 and TGFβ/Smad signaling were prevented by the administration of IL17A monoclonal antibody. In addition, IL17A-stimulated TGFβ/Smad activation and Aβ_1–42 expression were reversed by IL17A receptor small interfering RNA and a TGFβ receptor inhibitor in cultured astrocytes. Our findings suggest that surgery can provoke IL17A-related hippocampal damage, as characterized by activation of astrocytes and TGFβ/Smad pathway dependent Aβ_1–42 accumulation in old subjects. These changes likely contribute to the cognitive decline seen in POCD.