全文获取类型
收费全文 | 976篇 |
免费 | 67篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 19篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 28篇 |
2015年 | 52篇 |
2014年 | 63篇 |
2013年 | 80篇 |
2012年 | 81篇 |
2011年 | 79篇 |
2010年 | 48篇 |
2009年 | 33篇 |
2008年 | 54篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 47篇 |
2005年 | 40篇 |
2004年 | 41篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 32篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1938年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1044条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
Carlos A. Barrero Prasun K. Datta Satarupa Sen Satish Deshmane Shohreh Amini Kamel Khalili Salim Merali 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encoded viral protein Vpr is essential for infection of macrophages by HIV-1. Furthermore, these macrophages are resistant to cell death and are viral reservoir. However, the impact of Vpr on the macrophage proteome is yet to be comprehended. The goal of the present study was to use a stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) coupled with mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to characterize the Vpr response in macrophages. Cultured human monocytic cells, U937, were differentiated into macrophages and transduced with adenovirus construct harboring the Vpr gene. More than 600 proteins were quantified in SILAC coupled with LC-MS/MS approach, among which 136 were significantly altered upon Vpr overexpression in macrophages. Quantified proteins were selected and clustered by biological functions, pathway and network analysis using Ingenuity computational pathway analysis. The proteomic data illustrating increase in abundance of enzymes in the glycolytic pathway (pentose phosphate and pyruvate metabolism) was further validated by western blot analysis. In addition, the proteomic data demonstrate down regulation of some key mitochondrial enzymes such as glutamate dehydrogenase 2 (GLUD2), adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) and transketolase (TKT). Based on these observations we postulate that HIV-1 hijacks the macrophage glucose metabolism pathway via the Vpr-hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) axis to induce expression of hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehyrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate kinase muscle type 2 (PKM2) that facilitates viral replication and biogenesis, and long-term survival of macrophages. Furthermore, dysregulation of mitochondrial glutamate metabolism in macrophages can contribute to neurodegeneration via neuroexcitotoxic mechanisms in the context of NeuroAIDS. 相似文献
2.
Marina Burgos-Silva Patricia Semedo-Kuriki Cassiano Donizetti-Oliveira Priscilla Barbosa Costa Marco Antonio Cenedeze Meire Ioshie Hiyane Alvaro Pacheco-Silva Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
Acute and chronic kidney injuries (AKI and CKI) constitute syndromes responsible for a large part of renal failures, and are today still associated with high mortality rates. Given the lack of more effective therapies, there has been intense focus on the use stem cells for organ protective and regenerative effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great potential in the treatment of various diseases of immune character, although there is still debate on its mechanism of action. Thus, for a greater understanding of the role of MSCs, we evaluated the effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (AdSCs) in an experimental model of nephrotoxicity induced by folic acid (FA) in FVB mice. AdSC-treated animals displayed kidney functional improvement 24h after therapy, represented by reduced serum urea after FA. These data correlated with cell cycle regulation and immune response modulation via reduced chemokine expression and reduced neutrophil infiltrate. Long-term analyses, 4 weeks after FA, indicated that AdSC treatment reduced kidney fibrosis and chronic inflammation. These were demonstrated by reduced interstitial collagen deposition and tissue chemokine and cytokine expression. Thus, we concluded that AdSC treatment played a protective role in the framework of nephrotoxic injury via modulation of inflammation and cell cycle regulation, resulting in reduced kidney damage and functional improvement, inhibiting organ fibrosis and providing long-term immune regulation. 相似文献
3.
Salt tolerance ofEchinochloa crusgalli was studied using gravel culture with root medium electrical conductivity between 3 to 25 dS m-1. Salinity depressed germination and shoot yield. A 50 % reduction in shoot yield occurred at 15.9 dS m-1. The plant was able to maintain its tissue water content and K concentration in the tissue water while Na, Ca and Cl increased
and Mg decreased with increasing root zone salinity. 相似文献
4.
Harald Sverdrup Salim Belyazid Bengt Nihlg?rd Lars Ericson 《Plant Growth Regulation》1991,10(2):173-174
Book Review
Plant protoplasts and genetic engineering IIY.P.S. Bajaj (Ed.), (Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol. 9). Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989. 510 pages. DM398.00. ISBN 3-540-50789-2 相似文献5.
M. Kuntz S. Römer C. Suire P. Hugueney J.H. Weil R. Schantz B. Camara 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》1992,2(1):25-34
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase is a key enzyme in plant terpenoid biosynthesis. Using specific antibodies, a cDNA encoding geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase has been isolated from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) ripening fruit. The cloned cDNA codes for a high molecular weight precursor of 369 amino acids which contains a transit peptide of approximately 60 amino acids. In-situ immunolocalization experiments have demonstrated that geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase is located exclusively in the plastids. Expression of the cloned cDNA in E. coli has unambiguously demonstrated that the encoded polypeptide catalyzes the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate by the addition of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to an allylic pyrophosphate. Peptide sequence comparisons revealed significant similarity between the sequences of the C. annuum geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase and those deduced from carotenoid biosynthesis (crtE) genes from photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacteria. In addition, four highly conserved regions, which are found in various prenyltransferases, were identified. Furthermore, evidence is provided suggesting that conserved and exposed carboxylates are directly involved in the catalytic mechanism. Finally, the expression of the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase gene is demonstrated to be strongly induced during the chloroplast to chromoplast transition which occurs in ripening fruits, and is correlated with an increase in enzyme activity. 相似文献
6.
M. Salim 《Biologia Plantarum》1988,30(4):294-299
Growth and ionic relations were studied in six triticale cultivars of different geographical origins grown in a greenhouse
in nutrient solution with or without the addition of 100 mM NaCl. In 21 d old plants of all the six cultivars growth was little
affected in the salt treatment, whereas in the subsequent three harvests during vegetative phase (after 31, 38 and 45 d),
growth reduction effects of salinity were progressively pronounced. Generally, shoots of all the six cultivars accumulated
relatively more K+ as compared to Na+ or Cl-. Differential accumulation of K+, Na+ and Cl- by various cultivars was coupled
with variable rates of Na+ and Cl- transport from root to shoot which were — to some extent- related to cultivar differences
in growth in saline root media. Chloride content of shoots of the six cultivars was negatively correlated with the relative
growth reduction due to salinity at the four harvests. 相似文献
7.
The aims of this investigation were to study and describe the behaviour of 13 different species of Candida, as compared with C. albicans, by means of phagocytosis assays in vitro.Tests were carried out with rat peritoneal macrophages in contact with quantified suspensions of live yeasts. Phagocytic indices, candidacidal activity and filamentation rat were tested microscopically after 3 h incubation at 37 ° C.The phagocytic indices obtained allowed us to separate the fungi into four groups. Candida albicans and tropicalis belong to Group I; diddensii and shehatae, among others, belong to Group II; sake, krusei, viswanathii, etc., Group III; and C. glaebosa and haploid strains of Pichia ohmeri (C. guilliermondii var. membranaefaciens), Group IV. These data would suggest a possible correlation between pathogenesis and phagocytic indices.There were no evidences of any phagocytes ability to kill yeasts. Candidacidal activity was absent in the species assayed. Yeast lysis may have been observed if our assays would have taken longer than 3 h. 相似文献
8.
9.
Developmental and stress regulation of gene expression for plastid and cytosolic isoprenoid pathways in pepper fruits. 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Plant physiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
P Hugueney F Bouvier A Badillo J Quennemet A d'Harlingue B Camara 《Plant physiology》1996,111(2):619-626
Plant cells synthesize a myriad of isoprenoid compounds in different subcellular compartments, which include the plastid, the mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum cytosol. To start the study of the regulation of these parallel pathways, we used pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit as a model. Using different isoprenoid biosynthetic gene probes from cloned cDNAs, we showed that only genes encoding the plastid enzymes (geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and capasanthin-capsorubin synthase) are specifically triggered during the normal period of development, at the ripening stage. This pattern of expression can be mimicked and precociously induced by a simple wounding stress. Concerning the cytosol-located enzymes, we observed that the expression of the gene encoding farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase is constitutive, whereas that of farnesyl pyrophosphate cyclase (5-epi-aristolochene synthase) is undetectable during the normal development of the fruit. The expression of these later genes are, however, only selectively triggered after elicitor treatment. The results provide evidence for developmental control of isoprenoid biosynthesis occurring in plastids and that cytoplasmic isoprenoid biosynthesis is regulated, in part, by environmental signals. 相似文献
10.
Bienvenu Thierry Hubert Dominique Fonknechten Nuria Dusser Daniel Kaplan Jean Claude Beldjord Cherif 《Human genetics》1994,94(1):65-68
Human Genetics - Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). Analysis of DNA from a pancreatic sufficient patient by means of... 相似文献