赤拟谷盗TRE基因家族特性及RNAi抑制表达效果分析

分析赤拟谷盗海藻糖酶基因(Trehalase,简称TRE)家族的特性及RNAi介导的TRE基因沉默后的相互作用效果。采用生物信息学和相关软件分析5个海藻糖酶基因序列特征以及二级结构等分子特性并推测其生理功能,用MEGA 6.0软件构建TRE与其它昆虫TRE的系统进化树;采用注射RNAi技术,分别干扰赤拟谷盗海藻糖酶基因mRNA的表达;采用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)技术检测单个海藻糖酶基因表达抑制后对其它TRE基因mRNA表达的影响。赤拟谷盗4个可溶性海藻糖酶TRE1蛋白相似性高,具有类似的二级结构,即含有相似比例的α-螺旋、β-折叠和无规则卷曲,膜结合型海藻糖酶TRE2与TRE1在蛋白质的二级结构上差异较大;系统进化树分析表明赤拟谷盗的可溶性海藻糖酶与其它昆虫的TRE1聚集在一起,膜结合型海藻糖酶与其它昆虫的TRE2聚集在一起;RNAi实验结果表明单独干扰某个TRE1基因的mRNA表达后,其它3个TRE1基因的表达有的上升,有的下降,而TRE2基因表达都为显著下降;单独干扰TRE2基因表达,则其它4个TRE1基因的表达一致显著下降。赤拟谷盗可溶性TRE1和膜结合型TRE2的二级结构差异较大,单个TRE基因表达被抑制后,其他TRE基因存在连锁抑制或者互补功能。     

植物钙结合蛋白与钙离子结合鉴定技术的研究进展

Ca2＋在植物生长发育和环境适应过程中发挥着中心调控作用,钙信号是植物生长发育和逆境响应的主要调控因子,钙结合蛋白是植物钙信号传导途径的最重要组分之一,然而植物钙结合蛋白在体内和体外与Ca2＋结合的技术体系还有待完善和发展。为了系统总结植物钙结合蛋白的鉴定方法与技术,本文从定性结合、定量结合和结合方式等角度,综述了植物钙结合蛋白在体内和体外条件下与Ca2＋结合的原理、方法、特点和应用前景,详细阐述了近年来的主要检测方法,并对其今后的发展趋势作了展望。本文将为植物钙结合蛋白的分离、功能鉴定和作用机制的研究提供技术支撑。     

GPR50 Distribution in the Mouse Cortex and Hippocampus

Neurochemical Research - G protein-coupled receptor 50 (GPR50) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor which is highly homologous with the sequence of melatonin receptor MT1 and MT2. GPR50...     

苋菜的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称苋菜(Amaranthus mangostanus L.)。2材料类别带腋芽茎段、叶片、下胚轴,幼苗通过种子无菌萌发获得。     

Scorpion Venom Heat-Resistant Peptide (SVHRP) Enhances Neurogenesis and Neurite Outgrowth of Immature Neurons in Adult Mice by Up-Regulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)

Scorpion venom heat-resistant peptide (SVHRP) is a component purified from Buthus martensii Karsch scorpion venom. Although scorpions and their venom have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat chronic neurological disorders, the underlying mechanisms of these treatments remain unknown. We applied SVHRP in vitro and in vivo to understand its effects on the neurogenesis and maturation of adult immature neurons and explore associated molecular mechanisms. SVHRP administration increased the number of 5-bromo-2’-dexoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells, BrdU- positive/neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN)-positive neurons, and polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM)-positive immature neurons in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of hippocampus. Furthermore immature neurons incubated with SVHRP-pretreated astrocyte-conditioned medium exhibited significantly increased neurite length compared with those incubated with normal astrocyte-conditioned medium. This neurotrophic effect was further confirmed in vivo by detecting an increased average single area and whole area of immature neurons in the SGZ, SVZ and olfactory bulb (OB) in the adult mouse brain. In contrast to normal astrocyte-conditioned medium, higher concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) but not nerve growth factor (NGF) or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was detected in the conditioned medium of SVHRP-pretreated astrocytes, and blocking BDNF using anti-BDNF antibodies eliminated these SVHRP-dependent neurotrophic effects. In SVHRP treated mouse brain, more glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells were detected. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed increased numbers of GFAP/BDNF double-positive cells, which agrees with the observed changes in the culture system. This paper describes novel effects of scorpion venom-originated peptide on the stem cells and suggests the potential therapeutic values of SVHRP.     

嗜水气单胞菌气溶素基因的克隆与序列分析

以嗜水气单胞菌BZ和NK分离株的DNA为模板, 采用PCR技术, 扩增气溶素基因(aerA)的DNA片段, 将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上。通过序列测定, 分析结果表明：所克隆的1393 bp片段为aerA部分序列, 编码产生464个氨基酸。BZ与NK之间aerA核苷酸同源性为97.6%, 氨基酸同源性为98.3%, 与其它分离物核苷酸同源性为71.6%~97.5%, 氨基酸同源性为68.0%~98.9%。利用邻接法构建了aerA分子树状图, 树状图分析表明：气单胞菌属各分离物聚为三支, 其中嗜水气单胞菌各菌株之间关系密切, 被聚类为同一支。     

分泌型卷曲相关蛋白家族在Wnt信号通路中的双向调节作用

Wnt信号通过直接参与细胞的增殖、极化和命运特化,控制胚胎发育和成体稳态,其信号异常不仅会造成发育缺陷,而且与多种癌症和代谢性疾病的发生密切相关。分泌型卷曲相关蛋白(secreted frizzled-related proteins,sFRPs)是一种可溶性蛋白质,因其结构与Wnt信号的卷曲蛋白(frizzled,Fz)受体高度同源而被认为是一类Wnt通路拮抗剂。但随着对sFRPs家族的深入研究,发现sFRPs在Wnt信号通路传导过程中并不局限于作为一种拮抗因子,还发挥激活因子的功能。最新研究还发现,sFRPs不仅作为经典的胞外因子发挥作用,在一些肿瘤干细胞中还可进入细胞核双向调节(拮抗或激活)Wnt信号传导。本文结合最新研究,全面综述了sFRPs家族蛋白在Wnt信号传导中的双向调节作用,这有助于理解sFRPs蛋白在生物体器官发育和疾病发生中的作用。     

冬寒菜的组织培养

1植物名称 冬寒菜（Malva verticillata L．）,又名冬苋菜、马蹄菜、冬葵、滑菜、滑肠菜等。2材料类别 茎段、叶片和上胚轴。     

山茶属油茶组和短柱茶组叶解剖特征及其分类学意义

在光学显微镜下观察了山茶属Camellia油茶组sect.Oleifera和短柱茶组sect.Paracamellia 21种（张宏达系统）植物叶解剖特征。结果表明：叶表皮细胞形状均为不规则形;垂周壁式样浅波状或波状,对两组分类具有重要作用。气孔器只存在于叶的下表皮,均为环列型。基于17个叶解剖学及细胞学性状,应用PAST软件对两组进行聚类分析和主成分分析,结果表明：能将两组植物进行明显区分,并且各组中亲缘关系较近的种聚在一起。本研究结果支持将大姚短柱茶C.teniiSealy归入离蕊茶组sect.Corallina;支持狭叶油茶C.lanceoleosa H.T.Chang ＆ J.S.Chiu与窄叶短柱茶C.fluviatilis Hand.-Mazz.,短柱茶C.brevistyla Coh.St.与钝叶短柱茶C.obtusifolia H.T.Chang和粉红短柱茶C.puniceiflora H.T.Chang,长瓣短柱茶C.grijsii Hance与陕西短柱茶C.shensiensis H.T.Chang的合并;建议将褐枝短柱茶C.phaeoclada H.T.Chang作为细叶短柱茶C.microphylla（Merr.）Chien的亚种。研究证明山茶属植物的叶解剖性状在属内分类中具有重要的分类学意义。     

Beneficial Effect of Astragalosides on Stroke Condition Using PC12 Cells under Oxygen Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion

Astragalosides (AST) are reported to be neuroprotective in focal cerebral ischemic models in vivo. In this study, the direct effect of AST against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) including neuronal injury and the underlying mechanisms in vitro were investigated. 5 h OGD followed by 24 h of reperfusion [adding back oxygen and glucose (OGD-R)] was used to induce in vitro ischemia reperfusion injury in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. AST (1, 100, and 200 µg/mL) were added to the culture after 5 h of the OGD ischemic insult and was present during the reoxygenation phases. A key finding was that OGD-R decreased cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase, increased reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, autophagy, functional impairment of mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in PC12 cells, all of which AST treatment significantly reduced. In addition, AST attenuated OGD-R-induced cell loss through P38 MAPK activation a neuroprotective effect blunted by SB203580, a specific inhibitor of P38 MAPK. Our data suggest that both apoptosis and autophagy are important characteristics of OGD-R-induced PC12 death and that treating PC12 cells with AST blocked OGD-R-induced apoptosis and autophagy by suppressing intracellular oxidative stress, functional impairment of mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our data provide identification of AST that can concomitantly inhibit multiple cells death pathways following OGD injuries in neural cells.