New nitric oxide donating 1,2,4-triazole/oxime hybrids: Synthesis,investigation of anti-inflammatory,ulceroginic liability and antiproliferative activities

A series of novel nitric oxide (NO) donating triazole/oxime hybrids was prepared and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Most of the tested compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method compared to indomethacin. Calculation of the ulcer indices and histopathological investigation indicated that the prepared NO-donating oximes exhibited less ulcerogenicity compared to their intermediate ketones and indomethacin. The NO-donating oxime 6i revealed significant activity against renal cancer A498 cell lines with 50.52 cell growth inhibition.     

Potential emission savings from refrigeration and air conditioning systems by using low GWP refrigerants

Purpose

Refrigeration and air conditioning systems have high, negative environmental impacts due to refrigerant charge leaks from the system and their corresponding high global warming potential. Thus, many efforts are in progress to obtain suitable low GWP alternative refrigerants and more environmentally friendly systems for the future. The system’s life cycle climate performance (LCCP) is a widespread metric proposed for the evaluation of the system’s environmental impact.

Methods

In this paper, the potential emission reductions in the commercial refrigeration and residential air conditioning systems, made possible by shifting towards more environmentally friendly refrigerants in the US, are presented. First, the current LCCP of the most common commercial refrigeration and residential air conditioning systems is calculated. Then, the LCCP of the baseline systems, when using the potential low GWP alternative refrigerants, is presented. This helps to determine the systems which have the highest potential for emission reductions.

Results and discussion

By shifting from the baseline refrigerants, R-404A and R-410A, to the suggested low GWP refrigerants, N-40 and L-41a, in the commercial refrigeration and residential HVAC systems, respectively, a combined drop of 30.43 % in the total emissions (i.e., total equivalent mass of emissions in kg CO_2eq) is obtained. This results from a 50.5 and 28.01 % drop in total emissions from supermarket refrigeration systems and residential air conditioning, respectively.

Conclusions

Shifting to lower GWP refrigerants in the refrigeration and air conditioning systems helps to reduce the total emissions and negative environmental impacts of these systems. Shifting to a secondary circuit commercial refrigeration system using N-40/L-40 and residential air conditioning and heat pump systems using L-41a helps in reducing the total emissions.

     

Chromium Phytoaccumulation from Solution by Selected Hydrophytes

There is increasing interest in the role of wetland plants in the aquatic phytoremediation of toxic metals. In this experiment, we evaluate the Cr removal capacity of four hydrophyte species (Nasturtium officinale L., Veronica beccabunga L., Mentha longifolia L., R.Br., Cardamine uliginosa L.) under varying nutritional conditions (full-strength and half-strength solution cultures), and over a range of Cr concentration (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L^-1). The results indicate that Cr accumulation is affected by both initial Cr concentration and strength of the nutrient solution. Phytoaccumulation increased with initial Cr concentration and plants grown in the full-strength solution accumulated more Cr at the higher initial solution concentration. Cr was predominantly accumulated in the roots, with minimal shoot translocation, which limits the hazard of Cr entering the food chain through ingestion by animals. Accumulation was large and reached up to 6700 mg Cr Kg^-1 in the roots of Veronica beccabunga.