Effects of Dexamethasone In Vivo and In Vitro on Hexose Transport in Brain Microvasculature

Glucocorticoids induce hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and depress glucose transport by aortic endothelium. High glucocorticoid doses are used for many diseases, but with unknown effects on brain glucose transport or metabolism. This study tested the hypothesis that glucocorticoids affect glucose transport or metabolism by brain microvascular endothelium. Male rats received dexamethasone (DEX) sc with sucrose feeding for up to seven days. Cerebral microvessels from rats treated with DEX/sucrose demonstrated increased GLUT1 and brain glucose extraction compared to controls. Glucose transport in vivo correlated with hyperinsulinemia. Pre-treatment with low doses of strep-tozotocin blunted hyperinsulinemia and prevented increased glucose extraction induced by DEX. In contrast, isolated brain microvessels exposed to DEX in vitro demonstrated suppression of 2-deox-yglucose uptake and glucose oxidation. We conclude that DEX/sucrose treatment in vivo increases blood-brain glucose transport in a manner that requires the effects of chronic hyperinsulinemia. These effects override any direct inhibitory effects of either hyperglycemia or DEX.     

TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE-Results with Dihydroergocornine Methanesulfonate (DHO-180) and Other Ergot Derivatives

A comparison of nicotinic acid, a non-narcotic analgesic and a series of injectable and oral ergot preparations tested by various methods in treating 40 patients with typical migraine indicate that ergot alkaloids are far superior in producing symptomatic relief.A comparison of ergotamine tartrate, dihydroergotamine (DHE-45) and dihydroergocornine (DHO-180) indicated that ergotamine tartrate is the most effective and perhaps the most toxic, DHE-45 is slightly less effective and considerably less toxic, and that DHO-180 is the least effective but also the least toxic. When given orally, these alkaloids were about half as effective as when given by injection. EC-110 (ergotamine nitrate with caffeine) was the most effective.DHO-180 in liquid form, given daily for one month, had a marked preventive effect on migraine attacks.     

TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE—Results with Dihydroergocornine Methanesulfonate (DHO-180) and Other Ergot Derivatives

A comparison of nicotinic acid, a non-narcotic analgesic and a series of injectable and oral ergot preparations tested by various methods in treating 40 patients with typical migraine indicate that ergot alkaloids are far superior in producing symptomatic relief.A comparison of ergotamine tartrate, dihydroergotamine (DHE-45) and dihydroergocornine (DHO-180) indicated that ergotamine tartrate is the most effective and perhaps the most toxic, DHE-45 is slightly less effective and considerably less toxic, and that DHO-180 is the least effective but also the least toxic. When given orally, these alkaloids were about half as effective as when given by injection. EC-110 (ergotamine nitrate with caffeine) was the most effective.DHO-180 in liquid form, given daily for one month, had a marked preventive effect on migraine attacks.     

Effects of spectral light quality on the growth,productivity, and elemental ratios in differently pigmented marine phytoplankton species

Journal of Applied Phycology - The recent advancement in LED technology led many incubator manufacturers and research labs to switch to these more efficient, yet spectrally restricted, light...