全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2038篇 |
免费 | 190篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
2230篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 28篇 |
2021年 | 58篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 29篇 |
2018年 | 47篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 70篇 |
2015年 | 107篇 |
2014年 | 95篇 |
2013年 | 127篇 |
2012年 | 181篇 |
2011年 | 166篇 |
2010年 | 113篇 |
2009年 | 87篇 |
2008年 | 127篇 |
2007年 | 130篇 |
2006年 | 133篇 |
2005年 | 97篇 |
2004年 | 99篇 |
2003年 | 88篇 |
2002年 | 83篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2230条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Amphotericin B (AmB) increased unidirectional Na transport and net transcellular sodium movements across the skin of the frog, Rana pipiens, when added to the solution bathing the corium side, but not from the outer epidermal surface. The AmB response was prevented with pretreatment with amiloride, ouabain and mucosal sodium substitution. Alteration in pH markedly reduced the permeability changes induced by AmB. AmB did not interfere with the increase in sodium transport induced by antidiuretic hormone. The present study demonstrates that AmB interacts with the skin of the frog, Rana pipiens, from the corium side specifically increasing transepithelial sodium transport. The increase in transport apparently occurs through the existing sodium pathway. 相似文献
2.
3.
F. Giuliano K. Mac Kenna S. Droupy O. Rampin V. Izard G. Benoit A. Jardin 《Andrologie》1999,9(2):226-246
Seminal emission and sperm expulsion are under the control of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic outflows and also of the somatic innervation conveyed by the pudendal nerve. The 2 phases of ejaculation are reflexive with the reflexes handled at the thoraco-lumbar and sacral levels of the spinal cord. Such a spinal organization remains widely unknown. The role of various peripheral neurotransmitters has been evidenced including norepinephrine and acetylcholine and also peptidergic, purinergic i.e. ATP and nitric oxide. Stimulation of the seminal tract afferents play a crucial in the onset of ejaculatory mechanisms. Except for the dorsal nerve of the penis, there is a lack of information concerning these afferents. Several supraspinal centers i.e. hypothalamus, medial amygdala, pons and nucleus paragigantocellularis exert descending and ascending inhibitory and excitatory influences on spinal nuclei controlling emission and expulsion of sperm. Central neurotransmission responsible for this supraspinal control could involve serotonin, oxytocin and norepinephrine. In the light of the available anatomical and neurophysiological data, pathophysiological aspects of ejaculatory disorders are futher discussed. Premature ejaculation could be related to a periheral and central hypersentivity. Most of the other ejaculation abnormalities are likely mainly related to an impairment of the central mechanisms. 相似文献
4.
Perforin is present only in normal activated Lyt2+ T lymphocytes and not in L3T4+ cells, but the serine protease granzyme A is made by both subsets. 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5 下载免费PDF全文
J A Garcia-Sanz G Plaetinck F Velotti D Masson J Tschopp H R MacDonald M Nabholz 《The EMBO journal》1987,6(4):933-938
We show that among the subsets of peripheral T lymphocytes (Lyt2+ L3T4- and L3T4+ Lyt2- cells) activated in short-term cultures by stimulation with H-2 incompatible leukocytes 97% of the cytolytic activity and all detectable perforin activity resides in the Lyt2+ cells. But both populations contain approximately equal amounts of a serine protease, granzyme A, the expression of which was previously thought to be restricted to cytolytic T lymphocytes. 相似文献
5.
A range of surfactants, including the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate, the cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and the nonionics octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol (Triton X100) and polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monoleate (Tween 80) was studied for effects on proliferation, contractibility and attachment of cultured human fibroblasts. Only ionic surfactants exhibited a stimulatory effect on fibroblast proliferation, whereas all the surfactants tested increased the contraction of collagen gels containing fibroblasts, with the greatest effect from the non-ionic surfactants. This activity was not correlated with an increase of cell population or cell attachment within the collagenous matrix. The activity of the surfactants was seen only at levels close to their LD50 values and in a narrow range of concentrations. Thus, we consider that they are the result of the so-called hormesis phenomenon.Abbreviations CTAB
cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide
- FCS
fetal calf serum
- LD100
dose lethal to 100% of exposed
- MCD
maximal contraction dose
- PDL
population doubling level
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
6.
Primary cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes have been subcultured within three-dimensional (3D) collagen gels. Under these conditions, the cells remained viable and divided, but with a lower proliferation rate than that observed in control monolayer cultures. Flow cytometric analysis of progression of the cells into the cell cycle has confirmed and extended these findings. Also the cellular volume was decreased in 3D-culture, being in the same range as thein vivo size of cartilage cells. Specific staining for proteoglycans and type II collagen immunolocalization on sections of gels showed the expression of differentiated phenotypes and revealed the accumulation of these matrix components in the immediate surroundings of the cells. The use of Ultroser G (a serum substitute) improved the conditions for 3D- culture of rabbit articular chondrocytes. 相似文献
7.
J Mariani N Delhaye-Bouchaud C Mulle P Benoit V Cordonnier 《Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie》1985,301(10):523-525
Extra- or intracellular unit responses of Purkinje cells to the activation of climbing fibres were recorded in the cerebellum of adult rats. Out of 1.719 cels studied, only 4 were found to be innervated by more than one climbing fibre. This very small rate of residual multiple innervation in the normal adult illustrates the accuracy of the synaptic elimination process which leads to the innervation of each Purkinje cell through only one climbing fibre during normal development in the rat. 相似文献
8.
Anaerobic Degradation of Cyanuric Acid, Cysteine, and Atrazine by a Facultative Anaerobic Bacterium 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
J. A. Jessee R. E. Benoit A. C. Hendricks G. C. Allen J. L. Neal 《Applied microbiology》1983,45(1):97-102
A facultative anaerobic bacterium that rapidly degrades cyanuric acid (CA) was isolated from the sediment of a stream that received industrial wastewater effluent. CA decomposition was measured throughout the growth cycle by using a high-performance liquid chromatography assay, and the concomitant production of ammonia was also measured. The bacterium used CA or cysteine as a major, if not the sole, carbon and energy source under anaerobic, but not aerobic, conditions in a defined medium. The cell yield was greatly enhanced by the simultaneous presence of cysteine and CA in the medium. Cysteine was preferentially used rather than CA early in the growth cycle, but all of the CA was used without an apparent lag after the cysteine was metabolized. Atrazine was also degraded by this bacterium under anaerobic conditions in a defined medium. 相似文献
9.
Control of IL-2 receptor-alpha expression by IL-1, tumor necrosis factor, and IL-2. Complex regulation via elements in the 5' flanking region 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
G Plaetinck M C Combe P Corthésy P Sperisen H Kanamori T Honjo M Nabholz 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1990,145(10):3340-3347
10.
Cell specificity of granzyme gene expression 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
J A Garcia-Sanz H R MacDonald D E Jenne J Tschopp M Nabholz 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1990,145(9):3111-3118
Granzymes are serine proteases present in secretory granules of cytolytic T lymphocyte lines. We have studied the expression of the granzyme family (granzyme A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) in different lymphoid cell populations and cell lines as well as in nonlymphoid cells and tissues. Our data show that with few exceptions expression of granzyme genes is restricted to T cells and their thymic precursors. In mature T cells granzymes are expressed only upon activation. The same is true for thymocytes, with the exception of grazyme A that is expressed also in non-stimulated cells. In T cells and thymocytes the distribution of mRNAs coding for different granzymes depends on the subpopulation tested and the activation protocol. Highly cytolytic PEL express granzymes A and B but none of the other granzymes. 相似文献