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Noya BA Guevara RR Colmenares C Losada S Noya O 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2006,101(Z1):29-35
Schistosomiasis low transmission areas as Venezuela, can be defined as those where the vector exists, the prevalence of active cases is under 25%, individuals with mild intensity of infection predominate and are mostly asymptomatic. These areas are the consequence of effective control programs, however, "silent" epidemiological places are difficult to trace, avoiding the opportune diagnosis and treatment of infected persons. Clinic and abdominal ultrasound have not shown to discriminate infected from uninfected persons in areas where besides Schistosoma mansoni, intestinal parasites are the rule. Under these conditions, serology remains as a very valuable diagnostic tool, since it gives a closer approximation to the true prevalence. In this sense, circumoval precipitin test, ELISA-SEA with sodium metaperiodate, and alkaline phosphatase immunoassay joined to coprology allow the identification of the "schistosomiasis cases". In relation to public health, schistosomiasis has been underestimated by the sanitary authorities and the investment on its control is being transferred to other diseases of major social and political relevance neglecting sanitary efforts and allowing growth of snail population. Some strategies of diagnosis and control should be done before schistosomiasis reemergence occurs in low transmission areas. 相似文献
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Belkisyolé Alarcón de Noya Zoraida Díaz-Bello Cecilia Colmenares Raiza Ruiz-Guevara Luciano Mauriello Arturo Mu?oz-Calderón Oscar Noya 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(3):377-386
Orally transmitted Chagas disease has become a matter of concern due to outbreaks
reported in four Latin American countries. Although several mechanisms for orally
transmitted Chagas disease transmission have been proposed, food and beverages
contaminated with whole infected triatomines or their faeces, which contain
metacyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, seems to be the
primary vehicle. In 2007, the first recognised outbreak of orally transmitted Chagas
disease occurred in Venezuela and largest recorded outbreak at that time. Since then,
10 outbreaks (four in Caracas) with 249 cases (73.5% children) and 4% mortality have
occurred. The absence of contact with the vector and of traditional cutaneous and
Romana’s signs, together with a florid spectrum of clinical manifestations during the
acute phase, confuse the diagnosis of orally transmitted Chagas disease with other
infectious diseases. The simultaneous detection of IgG and IgM by ELISA and the
search for parasites in all individuals at risk have been valuable diagnostic tools
for detecting acute cases. Follow-up studies regarding the microepidemics primarily
affecting children has resulted in 70% infection persistence six years after
anti-parasitic treatment. Panstrongylus geniculatus has been the
incriminating vector in most cases. As a food-borne disease, this entity requires
epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that differ from
those approaches used for traditional direct or cutaneous vector transmission. 相似文献
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