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1.
Root, underground and above-ground biomass were measured on various wheat cultivars from 1986 to 1988 in the south-east of France. The results are expressed as root: total (f
r) or underground: total (f
u) biomass fractions. Observed f
r and f
u values are in good agreement with previous results. f
r and f
u decrease steadily from emergence to maturity, with an exponential tendency. When using cumulative growth degree days since emergence relative to cumulative growth degree days until ear emergence () as time scale, f
r and f
u can be expressed as simple functions of % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGceaqabeaacaWGMb% addaWgaaqaaiaadkhaaeqaamaabmaabaGccqaH4oqCdaahaaWcbeqa% aiaacQcaaaaamiaawIcacaGLPaaakiabg2da9iaaicdacaGGUaGaaG% imaiaaiwdacqGHRaWkcaaIWaGaaiOlaiaaiwdacaaI4aGaamyzamaa% CaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaac6cacaaI0aGaaGioaiabeI7aXn% aaCaaameqabaGaaiOkaaaaaaaakeaacaWGMbaddaWgaaqaaiaadwha% aeqaamaabmaabaGccqaH4oqCdaahaaWcbeqaaiaacQcaaaaamiaawI% cacaGLPaaakiabg2da9iaaicdacaGGUaGaaGymaiaaikdacqGHRaWk% caaIWaGaaiOlaiaaiIdacaaI4aGaamyzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0% IaaGOmaiaac6cacaaIYaGaaGioaiabeI7aXnaaCaaameqabaGaaiOk% aaaaaaaaaaa!610D!\[\begin{gathered} f_r \left( {\theta ^* } \right) = 0.05 + 0.58e^{ - 1.48\theta ^* } \hfill \\ f_u \left( {\theta ^* } \right) = 0.12 + 0.88e^{ - 2.28\theta ^* } \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \]The incremental root biomass partitioning coefficient, % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqySde2aaS% baaSqaaiaadkhaaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaaiikaiaadsgacaWGxbWaaSba% aSqaaiaadkhaaeqaaOGaai4laiaadsgacaWG0bGaaiykaiaac+caca% GGOaGaamizaiaadEfadaWgaaWcbaGaamiDaaqabaGccaGGVaGaamiz% aiaadshacaGGPaaaaa!4834!\[\alpha _r = (dW_r /dt)/(dW_t /dt)\], which describes the net increase in root biomass dW
r over time dt relative to the increase in total biomass (dW
r) over the same time period, has been derived from f and the relative growth rate. Its time course is accurately represented by% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqySdegdda% WgaaqaaiaadkhaaeqaamaabmaabaGccqaH4oqCdaahaaWcbeqaaiaa% cQcaaaaamiaawIcacaGLPaaakiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaaicdacaGGUa% GaaGymaiaaiwdacqGHRaWkcaaIWaGaaiOlaiaaiAdacaaIZaGaamyz% amaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGimaiaac6cacaaI5aGaaGioaiabeI% 7aXnaaCaaameqabaGaaiOkaaaaaaaaaa!4D15!\[\alpha _r \left( {\theta ^* } \right) = - 0.15 + 0.63e^{ - 0.98\theta ^* } \]Under our experimental conditions, with no severe water stresses or nutrient deficiencies, and for our sampling frequency, around 2 weeks, the development scale , is the main factor governing the time courses of f
r, f
u and r. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
De Hertogh B Lantin AC Baret PV Goffeau A 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》2004,36(1):135-142
A phylogenetic analysis was carried out of a total of 58 P-type ATPases encoded within the genomes of 20 archaea species. Members from six subfamilies were identified including: putative metal-, proton-, calcium-, sodium/potassium-, potassium-, and magnesium/nickel-transporting ATPases. Six novel putative proton-ATPases from archaea species growing under different temperature and pH conditions were shown to have shorter N- and C-termini than those of orthologous yeast or plant proton-ATPases. Moreover recent biochemical data are reviewed that report functional expression of putative archaea metal- or proton-ATPases in bacteria or yeast. 相似文献
5.
De Hertogh B Carvajal E Talla E Dujon B Baret P Goffeau A 《Functional & integrative genomics》2002,2(4-5):154-170
On the basis of functional and phylogenetic criteria, we have identified a total of 229 subfamilies and 111 singletons predicted
to carry out transport or other membrane functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have extended the Transporter Classification (TC) and created a Membrane Classification (MC) for non-transporter membrane
proteins. Using the preliminary phylogenetic digits X, Y, Z (for new families, subfamilies, and clusters, respectively), we
allocated a five-digit number to 850 proteins predicted to contain more than two transmembrane domains. Compared with a previous
TC of the yeast genome, we classified an additional set of 538 membrane proteins (transporters and non-transporters) and identified
111 novel phylogenetic subfamilies.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
6.
An abundant ichnological material composed of xiphosuran trackways and isolated traces was discovered in Upper Jurassic limestones from the Causses Basin (Causse Méjean, Lozère, France). The morphology of the imprints supports their identification as Kouphichnium isp. In contrast to the most frequent case, the trackways are composed of omnipresent pusher imprints sometime associated with leg traces, but with no telson mark. We argue that this pattern reflects actual surface traces rather than an incomplete set of undertracks. The size distribution of the sampled ichnites is broadly bimodal. This is best explained by sexual dimorphism, a phenomenon frequently observed in modern xiphosurans. Analysis of the trace fossils further suggests that several growth stages are recorded and that the horseshoe crabs were walking in a protected and flat environment like a lagoon. This area, certainly close to a mating ground, was occasionally affected by a continental influence. The biometric study of the tracks suggests a gigantic size for the trackmakers whose body may have reached 84 cm in length. This discovery complements the few reports on other gigantic horseshoe crabs in the Jurassic of Western Europe, thus casting doubt on the postulated increase in body size from the Palaeozoic to the Recent. Furthermore, a literature review shows that there are still major gaps in the record of limulid body-fossils and tracks. Thus, neither of these archives can be taken at face value for quantifying the body-size evolution of horseshoe crabs. 相似文献
7.
Dominique?StrasbergEmail author Mathieu?Rouget David?M.?Richardson Stephane?Baret Joel?Dupont Richard?M.?Cowling 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2005,14(12):3015-3032
Most natural habitat in the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, La Réunion and Rodrigues) has been transformed. Although urbanisation,
agriculture and alien plant invasions have transformed large areas in La Réunion, the island has by far the greatest area
of intact habitats in the Mascarenes, but remaining natural areas are under threat. We propose a protocol for defining a system
of habitat types and for using these to provide a preliminary assessment of conservation priorities for La Réunion. The protocol
draws on existing data and expert knowledge to map habitat types, assesses the extent of habitat transformation, and quantifies
heterogeneity between habitat types based on climate, topography and geology. The pattern of habitat transformation was uneven
among the nineteen habitat types identified. While three habitats have lost > 95% of their original area, four still retain>
80% of their original extent. Habitat types could be grouped into the following categories: (i) transformed habitats with
low levels of plant endemism, (ii) habitats confined to homogenous geology with high levels of plantendemism, and (iii) species-rich
heterogeneous habitats on diverse geological types. Priority habitats were also identified using municipalities as a basis
for implementation. Urgent action is required for several habitat types where a large part of the original extent has been
transformed. Three municipalities which contain more than 10 habitat types should receive conservation priority. The analysis
provides the basis for setting conservation priorities in La Réunion at the regional and local scale. Implications of the
results are discussed with reference to requirements for finer-scale conservation planning. 相似文献
8.
We have traced the evolution patterns of 2480 transmembrane transporters from five complete genome sequences spanning the entire Hemiascomycete phylum: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Kluyveromyces lactis, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Yarrowia lipolytica. The use of nonambiguous functional and phylogenetic criteria derived from the TCDB classification system has allowed the identification within the Hemiascomycete phylum of 97 small phylogenetic transporter subfamilies comprising a total of 355 transporters submitted to four distinct evolution patterns named "ubiquitous," "species specific," "phylum gains and losses," or "homoplasic." This analysis identifies the transporters that contribute to the emergence of species during the evolution of the Hemiascomycete phylum and may aid in establishing novel phylogenetic criteria for species classification. 相似文献
9.
A microsatellite-based consensus linkage map for species of Eucalyptus and a novel set of 230 microsatellite markers for the genus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rosana PV Brondani Emlyn R Williams Claudio Brondani Dario Grattapaglia 《BMC plant biology》2006,6(1):20-16
Background
Eucalypts are the most widely planted hardwood trees in the world occupying globally more than 18 million hectares as an important source of carbon neutral renewable energy and raw material for pulp, paper and solid wood. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) in Eucalyptus have been localized on pedigree-specific RAPD or AFLP maps seriously limiting the value of such QTL mapping efforts for molecular breeding. The availability of a genus-wide genetic map with transferable microsatellite markers has become a must for the effective advancement of genomic undertakings. This report describes the development of a novel set of 230 EMBRA microsatellites, the construction of the first comprehensive microsatellite-based consensus linkage map for Eucalyptus and the consolidation of existing linkage information for other microsatellites and candidate genes mapped in other species of the genus. 相似文献10.