昆虫迁飞行为的参数化Ⅱ.模式与检验

对通过昆虫迁飞行为分析得到的迁飞时间参数、高度参数、速度和方向参数等分别以一定的数学形式加以表达。其中,起飞时间以日出日没及晨昏朦影时刻为基准,用天文公式求出;边界层顶与飞行低温阈限所在高度及运行高度上的风速、风向由一维湍能（ＴＫＥ）模式以Ｅ－ε闭合做数值模拟：对飞行力较弱的小型或微小昆虫做随风运行处理,而对大型昆虫则根据其自身的飞行速度和定向方位与其飞行高度上的风向风速做矢量运算,求得位移方向和速度。通过我国小地老虎和草地螟标放回收试验结果的检验,表明本文提出的迁飞行为参数化方案是合理可行的。以此为基础组建数值模型进行昆虫迁飞轨迹分析,可望进一步提高迁飞性害虫异地预测的水平     

我国北方稻区1991年稻飞虱大发生虫源形成

北方稻区在一般年份只有少量稻飞虱（褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens,白背飞虱Sogatella fercifera)迁入,而与虫源区相隔千余公里的沿渤海湾稻区却在1991年稻飞虱暴发成灾,通过分析1991年各地稻飞虱主要迁入峰期的天气学背景和低空急流的时空分布及我国东部稻作区各地虫源的对应关系,表明大尺度低空急流的时空动态与南方（江岭区）大发生虫源的迁出期（区）相吻合的程度及维持时间乃北方稻虱大发生虫源得以形成的关键因子和暴发成灾的触发机制,其北上前缘左侧的暴雨区即远迁种群的集中降虫区,是否存在与南方大发生虫源时空同步且贯通南北的大尺度低空急流及其前缘的暴雨区可作为北方稻虱暴发的预警指标。     

我国低空急流的时空分布与稻飞虱北迁

利用国家气象局高空气象资料（CD版）统计了1986－1995年间昆虫迁飞季节内（3－9月份）低空急流发生的时空变化和抉学,并与稻飞虱的北迁作了相关分析。结果表明,低空急流的发生区域分布于百色,锦州,嫩江一线的东侧,长时间,大尺度的低空急流有利于稻飞虱的远距离北迁和大范围降落,3月下旬和5月下旬稻飞虱始见期的北界与低空急流的16．5℃等温线相吻合,而后其始见期北界与低空急流前缘所至基本吻合。据此提出可以低空急流作为监测稻飞虱迁飞的预警参数,再结合虫情资料预测稻飞慢迁入区的分布。     

快速城市化背景下广西典型城市景观空间格局动态比较研究

随着城市化的快速发展与城市规模日益扩张,城市景观空间结构不断地被人为改变着,不合理的景观空间格局既削弱了区域的经济和社会发展功能,影响着城市生态环境质量的不断提高,也进一步制约着城市的可持续发展进程。以广西3座典型中心城市——南宁、柳州和桂林市为研究对象,利用6景Landsat5 TM和Landsat8 OLI/TIRS影像数据,通过遥感影像分类技术提取研究区的土地利用景观信息,对典型城市1990—2015年的景观空间格局特征与生态过程进行对比分析,旨在揭示快速城市化阶段重点城市核心景观要素的时空演化规律。结果表明:(1)在城市化进程加快的背景下,广西各典型城市的景观空间格局均发生了剧烈的变化。受人为影响强烈的土地利用景观类型变动最为显著,建设用地景观的不断扩张与耕地、林地景观的缩减是城市化发展的基本特征。(2)在水平空间上,城市建筑景观逐渐由核心圈层向外围圈层扩展,外围区的自然景观受人工干扰强度加大,景观类型逐渐丰富,但破碎化程度加剧。(3)在垂直空间上,城市景观类型呈现较显著的海拔分异特征,中、低海拔区是城镇化最集中的地带,建设用地的景观优势度增长最为显著。高海拔区因但受城市扩张与农业开发活动的胁迫,自然景观的优势度与团聚性呈下降趋势。(4)从城市功能定位来看,南宁、柳州和桂林市作为广西3座不同功能类型的中心城市,它们在区域社会经济发展方面起到重要的辐射和引领作用。该研究为科学开展城市景观规划、实施城市生态环境管理和推进广西城市化健康有序发展提供参考依据。     

白背飞虱重大迁入过程的大气动力背景

为了揭示白背飞虱迁入的大气动力背景,为其灾变预警奠定气象学基础,根据2003年全国69个植保站提供的白背飞虱虫情资料,在ArcGIS9.0支持下对该年我国白背飞虱的时空分布规律进行了地学分析。利用MM5中尺度数值预报模式和由PCVSAT系统接收的气象数据对2个典型的白背飞虱南、北迁降落过程的大气背景进行了数值模拟和客观分析,模拟和分析结果表明:(1)850hPa等压面上气压场的配置及其随时空的演变是控制和影响白背飞虱迁入的最重要的大气环流因素。(2)850hPa高度上的偏南气流有利于白背飞虱种群的北迁,925hPa等压面上的偏北气流有利于其南迁,这两个高度上风场的气旋式风向切变区有利于白背飞虱的起飞迁出,反气旋式切变区有利于其迁入降落。(3)降水对白背飞虱的降落有着十分重要的动力胁迫作用,但其在北迁降落过程中的作用明显强于南迁。(4)垂直气流场中强下沉气流可迫使白背飞虱大量降落,表明气流胁迫是风载迁飞性害虫灾变性迁入的一个极其重要的大气动力机制。     

Teleconnection between the early immigration of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens St?l) and ENSO indices: implication for its medium- and long-term forecast

Teleconnection between the early immigration of brown planthopper (BPH) and El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices from January of two years previously to the current June was investigated to make long-term forecast. The teleconnection results were as follows: ENSO indices which were significantly correlated with the early immigration of BPH were primarily sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in N3, N4 and N3.4 regions, accounting for 71.8% of the total. Significant ENSO indices from two years and one year before the immigration events had a proportion of about 84%, while those in the current year only accounted for 16.7%. There was significantly negative correlation between the early immigration of BPH and SSTA in each Nino region from two years before to the previous spring, whereas there was significantly positive correlation between these two factors during the period from the previous winter to the current spring. The significant correlation between the early immigration of BPH and SSTA in each Nino region in the last summer and autumn did not show any obvious tendencies. The relationship between the southern oscillation index (SOI) and the early immigration of BPH was opposite to that between the immigration and SSTA in each Nino region. The above mentioned significant ENSO indices were used as key factors to build forecasting models for the early immigration of BPH by step-wise multiple linear regression analysis. Finally, 12 integrated forecasting models were obtained, which could make predictions 3–27 months ahead and had a predictive accuracy of 88.9%.     

滇金丝猴雌性个体间的理毛行为

相互理毛行为广泛存在于社会性群居灵长类动物中,通常具有清洁卫生和社会交往功能。2012 年10 月至2013 年6 月,我们在云南白马雪山国家级自然保护区对一人工辅助投食滇金丝猴群,采用全事件取样法和焦点动物取样法收集了雌性个体间相互理毛的行为数据,包括理毛的部位、理毛的姿势、理毛的时间和回合数。研究结果表明:滇金丝猴雌性个体之间每次相互理毛的平均时间为5. 7 min。相互理毛部位较多的发生在自我理毛不能进行(达到)的部位(61.1% );在不能自我理毛部位的相互理毛行为持续时间长,平均9.7 min;在个体能够进行自我理毛部位的相互理毛持续时间短,平均为3. 2 min。相互理毛的姿势以对坐为主(48. 4% ),不同理毛姿势的理毛时间差异显著。新迁入家庭单元的雌性个体为理毛的首先发起者,但其获得被理毛的时间却并不多。滇金丝猴雌性个体相互理毛部位、理毛姿势和理毛时间的差异表明,它们之间的相互理毛行为符合卫生功能假说和社会功能假说。     

2009年徽州稻区白背飞虱种群消长及虫源性质

徽州稻区作为我国白背飞虱北迁与南迁的重要中转站之一,地理位置十分特殊,分析其中、晚稻田白背飞虱种群动态及虫源性质,对皖南稻区乃至江淮稻区白背飞虱预测预报和防治工作意义重大。通过田间系统调查和长翅雌虫卵巢解剖,研究了徽州稻区白背飞虱种群消长及虫源性质。运用GrADS和ArcGIS分析2009年白背飞虱主要迁入期的天气背景,并利用HYSPLIT轨迹模拟平台对主要迁入期进行数值模拟和虫源地分析。结果表明:2009年徽州稻区白背飞虱在中、晚稻以第3代危害为主。中稻田第2—4代白背飞虱属于基本迁出型,同时第3代前半期还存在部分滞留本地繁殖或者是外地白背飞虱迁入现象;而晚稻第3代后半期白背飞虱属于基本迁入型,第4—5代属于基本迁出型。风切变、下沉气流和强降水可作为徽州稻区预测白背飞虱迁入的气象背景。2009年徽州稻区白背飞虱虫源地主要分布在湘南、赣中及赣南。     

Kisspeptins在孕早期血浆和胎盘组织中的表达及其意义

目的:研究kisspeptins在孕早期血浆和胎盘组织中的表达,拟探讨其来源及其在妊娠中意义.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),检测40例孕早期妇女和35例正常未妊娠妇女血浆kisspeptins的表达水平,且分析其与hCG的相关性;采用免疫组织化学方法进行其组织学定位.结果:(1)kisspeptins在妊娠组...     

Genetic Analysis of Human Adenovirus Type 7 Strains Circulating in Different Parts of China

To investigate the molecular epidemiology and genetic variation of human adenovirus type 7(HAdV-7) in children with acute respiratory infections(ARI) in China. HAdV-7-positive respiratory samples collected from children with ARI in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Wenzhou and Guangzhou from 2014–2018 were selected for gene amplification and sequence analysis. Fifty-seven HAdV-7 clinical strains with hexon, penton base and fiber gene sequences were obtained. Meanwhile17 strains were selected randomly from different cities for whole genome sequencing. Phylogenetic and variation analyses were performed based on the obtained sequences, HAdV-7 prototype strain Gomen(AY594255), vaccine strains(AY495969 and AY594256) and representative sequences of strains. The phylogenetic trees constructed based on whole genome sequences, major capsid protein genes(hexon, penton base and fiber) and the early genes(E1, E2, E3 and E4) were not completely consistent. The HAdV-7 strains obtained in this study always clustered with most of the circulating strains worldwide from the 1980 s to the present. Compared with the HAdV-7 prototype strain Gomen(AY594255), some amino acid mutations in loop1 and loop2 of hexon and the RGD loop region of the penton base gene were observed. Recombination analysis showed that partial regions of 55 k Da protein and 100 kDa hexon-assembly associated protein genes among all HAdV-7 strains in this study were from HAdV-16 and HAdV-3, respectively. Our study demonstrated the molecular evolution characteristics of HAdV-7 strains circulating in China and provided basic reference data for the prevention, control and vaccine development of HAdV-7.