Benign multicystic mesothelial proliferation of the peritoneum: immunohistochemical and electron microscopical study of a case and review of the literature.

We report a case of benign multicystic mesothelial proliferation (the so-called multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma) arising multifocally in the abdomen of a 46-year-old white man. His anamnesis showed an 8-year history of intermittent pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant. Mucin stains, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy confirmed the mesothelial origin of the lesion. Review of the available literature allowed us to find another 85 reported cases of benign multicystic mesothelial proliferations of the peritoneum. Out of these cases, eighteen only occurred in men, the majority being reported in middle-aged women mostly with complaints of abdominal pain. Electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry are needed to make a differential diagnosis towards other multicystic lesions, such as peritoneal cystic lymphangioma. Although multicystic mesothelial proliferations of the peritoneum have often been regarded as benign neoplasms, the true nature--neoplastic or hyperplastic--of these lesions still remains greatly elusive. Therefore, we believe that the unbinding term benign multicystic mesothelial proliferation (first used with regard to the unique hitherto reported case arisen in the pleural cavity) should be considered at present more appropriate to indicate even these peritoneal lesions.     

The chemoreceptor surface of the taste disc in the frog,Rana esculenta. An ultrastructural study with lanthanum nitrate

Summary The distribution of lanthanum on the taste disc of the frog,Rana esculenta, afteren bloc staining of the tongue with lanthanum nitrate was studied at the ultrastructural level by means of scanning electron microscopy (in the secondary electron mode or in the back scattered electron mode), energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, transmission electron microscopy and electron spectroscopic imaging. It was consistently found that lanthanum distribution on the surface of the taste disc is not homogeneous and that the surface of putative receptor cells is in contact with strongly lanthanum-positive material. Calcium co-localizes with lanthanum at that level. These results suggest that different microenvironments exist at the surface of the taste disc and that this could be relevant to the receptor function.     

Oleoylethanolamide protects human sperm cells from oxidation stress: studies on cases of idiopathic infertility

N-acylethanolamides are naturally occurring hydrophobic molecules usually present in a very small amount in many mammalian tissues and cells. The presence of N-acylethanolamides has also been demonstrated in human reproductive tracts and fluids, although their biological effects and molecular mechanisms of action are not yet completely elucidated. It is known that some N-acylethanolamides, such as oleoylethanolamide, have antioxidative properties. The aim of this study was to test whether oleoylethanolamide could protect sperm cells from reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative damage in cases of idiopathic infertility, because the excessive generation of these radicals was associated with this pathology. Our results show that 2.5 nM oleoylethanolamide in vitro supplementation significantly reduces DNA strand breaks both in fertile and infertile subjects. Moreover, oleoylethanolamide increases kinematic parameters, such as curvilinear velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement and hyperactivation, both in the presence and in the absence of oxidative stress. Results of this study support the hypothesis of a possible protective action of oleoylethanolamide against reactive oxygen species, which could explain its beneficial effects on in vitro capacitated spermatozoa.     

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and microRNAs in male infertility

Molecular Biology Reports - Male infertility is a problem that affects 10–15% of men of reproductive age. In particular, gametogenesis is a complex process in which inflammation may play a...     

Partial <Emphasis Type="Italic">AZFc</Emphasis> deletions and duplications: clinical correlates in the Italian population

The role of partial AZFc deletions of the Y chromosome in spermatogenic impairment is currently debated. Recently, it was also reported that duplications of the same region are associated with oligozoospermia in Han-Chinese men. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the clinical significance of partial AZFc deletions in a large study population and (2) to define if partial AZFc duplications are a risk factor for spermatogenic failure also in a Caucasian population such as the Italian. We screened 556 infertile patients and 487 normozoospermic controls for partial AZFc deletions with a combined method based on STS+/− followed by CDY1-DAZ gene dosage and copy analysis. For the second aim, we performed CDY1-DAZ gene dosage in 229 infertile patients and 263 normozoospermic controls. The frequency of gr/gr deletions in patients was significantly different from the controls (3.2 vs. 0.4%, respectively; P < 0.001), with an OR = 7.9 (95% CI 1.8–33.8). b2/b3 deletions were rare in both groups (0.5% in patients, 0.2% in controls). Concerning gr/gr duplications, we observed no significant differences in their frequency between cases (2.6%) and controls (3.8%). This is the largest study population in the literature in which all potential methodological and selection biases were carefully avoided to detect the clinical significance of partial AZFc deletions and duplications. Our study provides strong evidence that gr/gr deletion is a risk factor for impaired spermatogenesis, whereas we did not detect a significant effect of b2/b3 deletions and partial AZFc duplications on spermatogenesis in this Caucasian ethnic group. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Coenzyme Q(10) in male infertility: physiopathology and therapy

Both the bioenergetic and the antioxidant role of CoQ(10) suggest a possible involvement in sperm biochemistry and male infertility. CoQ(10) can be quantified in seminal fluid, where its concentration correlates with sperm count and motility. It was found that distribution of CoQ(10) between sperm cells and seminal plasma was altered in varicocele patients, who also presented a higher level of oxidative stress and lower total antioxidant capacity. The effect of vericocelectomy on partially reversing these biochemical abnormalities is discussed. The redox status of coenzyme Q(10) in seminal fluid was also determined: an inverse correlation was found between ubiquinol/ubiquinone ratio and hydroperoxide levels and between this ratio and the percentage of abnormal sperm forms. After the first in vitro observations CoQ(10) was administered to infertile patients affected by idiopathic asthenozoospermia, originally in an open label study and then in three randomized placebo-controlled trials; doses were around 200-300 mg/day and treatment lasted 6 months. A significant increase in the concentration of CoQ(10) was found, both in seminal plasma and sperm cells. Treatment also led to a certain improvement in sperm motility. In one of the studies there was also a decrease in plasma levels of follicle stimulating horhone (FSH) and luteinizine horhone (LH). Administration of CoQ(10) may play a positive role in the treatment of asthenozoospermia, possibly related to not only to its function in the mitochondrial respiratory chain but also to its antioxidant properties. Further studies are needed in order to determine whether there is also an effect on fertility rate.     

An update of Coenzyme Q10 implications in male infertility: biochemical and therapeutic aspects

This review is focused upon the role of coenzyme Q(10) in male infertility in the light of a broader issue of oxidative damage and antioxidant defence in sperm cells and seminal plasma. Reactive oxygen species play a key pathogenetic role in male infertility besides having a well-recognized physiological function. The deep involvement of coenzyme Q(10) in mitochondrial bioenergetics and its antioxidant properties are at the basis of its role in seminal fluid. Following the early studies addressing its presence in sperm cells and seminal plasma, the relative distribution of the quinone between these two compartments was studied in infertile men, with special attention to varicocele. The reduction state of CoQ(10) in seminal fluid was also investigated. After the first in vitro experiments CoQ(10) was administered to a group of idiopathic asthenozoospermic infertile patients. Seminal analysis showed a significant increase of CoQ(10) both in seminal plasma and in sperm cells, together with an improvement in sperm motility. The increased concentration of CoQ(10) in seminal plasma and sperm cells, the improvement of semen kinetic features after treatment, and the evidence of a direct correlation between CoQ(10) concentrations and sperm motility strongly support a cause/effect relationship. From a general point of view, a deeper knowledge of these molecular mechanisms could lead to a new insight into the so-called unexplained infertility.