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1.
Background
Micro-biological research relies on the use of model organisms that act as representatives of their species or subspecies, these are frequently well-characterized laboratory strains. However, it has often become apparent that the model strain initially chosen does not represent important features of the species. For micro-organisms, the diversity of their genomes is such that even the best possible choice of initial strain for sequencing may not assure that the genome obtained adequately represents the species. To acquire information about a species' genome as efficiently as possible, we require a method to choose strains for analysis on the basis of how well they represent the species. 相似文献2.
G H Thorpe L J Kricka E Gillespie S Moseley R Amess N Baggett T P Whitehead 《Analytical biochemistry》1985,145(1):96-100
6-Hydroxybenzothiazole, 2-cyano-6-hydroxybenzothiazole, and 2-(6-hydroxy-2-benzothiazolyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (dehydroluciferin) dramatically enhance light emission from the horseradish peroxidase conjugate catalyzed oxidation of luminol, isoluminol, N-(6-aminobutyl)-N-ethyl isoluminol, and 7-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid hydrazide by either peroxide or perborate. Light emission is enhanced by up to 1000-fold, which is an improvement over the enhancement previously observed using firefly luciferin (4,5-dihydro-2-(6-hydroxy-2-benzothiazolyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid). Enhancement is influenced by enhancer concentration and pH. Spectral scans of light emitted in enhanced and unenhanced reactions are similar, suggesting that aminophthalate products, and not the enhancers, are the emitters. 相似文献
3.
R L Klein A K Thureson-Klein S H Yen J M Baggett M S Gasparis D F Kirksey 《Journal of neurobiology》1979,10(3):291-307
Knowledge of the vesicular origin of circulating dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) is indispensable for any attempts to explain the parallelism or lack of it between circulating enzyme and catecholamines as they may relate to physiological stress, forms of hypertension, neurological disorders, and the response to pharmacological agents. The present study represents an effort to evaluate and to place in proper perspective data based on the DbetaH activity found in the region of the light vesicle peak of noradrenaline (NA), which is used as a quantitative measure of a population of small terminal vesicles. Distributions of vesicles and subvesicular components are compared with DbetaH and NA in sucrose-D2O density gradients used to prepare relatively pure fractions of large dense cored vesicles (LDV) from bovine splenic nerve. Although NA in sedimentable particles of the light vesicle peak is likely to be a valid measure of a small vesicle population, the following is demonstrated: (1) A substantial fraction (25%-37%) of the total sedimentable DbetaH activity can be proven to distribute in the region of the light vesicle peak from a tissue with an insignificant small vesicle population. Based on studies of vesicles from sequential nerve segments, this enzyme activity probably corresponds to a population of "immature" LDV which are undergoing axoplasmic transport and have not synthesized their full complement of transmitter. (2) Physical lysis which depletes the matrix of LDV causes redistribution of DbetaH activity from the heavy vesicle peak into the region of the light vesicle peak. Analogously, DbetaH associated with exocytosed LDV and retrograde transport particles is also likely to contaminate the region of the light vesicle peak. (3) Based on available data, it can be calculated that each small dense cored vesicle could contain only 0.1-0.5 molecules of DbetaH and that a contamination of only 0.016% LDV can account for all of the DbetaH reported to occur in the light vesicle peak of normal rat vas deferens preparations. 相似文献
4.
Monthly monitoring of fawns collected from an area in Texas endemic for Theileria cervi and Babesia odocoilei showed that transmission of T. cervi occurred during July and August, a time period consistent with the occurrence of Amblyomma americanum. Seroconversion to B. odocoilei occurred during October to December and possibly continued through January and February. The time of seroconversion was more suggestive of transmission of B. odocoilei by Ixodes scapularis than by Amblyomma americanum. 相似文献
5.
6.
Haldor T. Jonsson Jr. Judith C. Rankin Barry E. Ledford Billy Baggett 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1979,18(6):847-857
Prostaglandin E (PGE) and F (PGF) levels were measured in mouse uteri at various times after either trauma (hemostat crushing) or oil stimulation of the decidual cell reaction (DCR). The oil induced DCR led to an early increase (within 5 min) in both PGE and PGF levels. Both returned to baseline by 1 h after stimulation. A second peak in PGF levels was observed at 120 min after oil stimulation. This study demonstrates a distinct difference between the pattern of PGE and PGF changes in the uterus following oil stimulation of the DCR. Indomethacin pretreatment completely blocked the oil stimulated DCR as well as all prostaglandin increases following either stimulus. The trauma stimulated DCR was not completely blocked by indomethacin pretreatment.Pretreatment with tranylcypromine, an inhibitor of prostacyclin biosynthesis, did not block the prostaglandin E and F increases, but did block the oil stimulated DCR. These findings suggest that prostacyclin may be an early mediator of the DCR. 相似文献
7.
8.
Julia Rhodes Surang Dejsirilert Susan A. Maloney Possawat Jorakate Anek Kaewpan Prasert Salika Thantapat Akarachotpong Prabda Prapasiri Sathapana Naorat Peera Areerat Asadang Ruayajin Pathom Sawanpanyalert Pasakorn Akarasewi Leonard F. Peruski Jr Henry C. Baggett 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Background
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Southeast Asia, but regional data is limited. Updated burden estimates are critical as pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is highly effective, but not yet included in the Expanded Program on Immunization of Thailand or neighboring countries.Methods
We implemented automated blood culture systems in two rural Thailand provinces as part of population-based surveillance for bacteremia. Blood cultures were collected from hospitalized patients as clinically indicated.Results
From May 2005– March 2010, 196 cases of pneumococcal bacteremia were confirmed in hospitalized patients. Of these, 57% had clinical pneumonia, 20% required mechanical ventilation, and 23% (n = 46) died. Antibiotic use before blood culture was confirmed in 25% of those with blood culture. Annual incidence of hospitalized pneumococcal bacteremia was 3.6 per 100,000 person-years; rates were higher among children aged <5 years at 11.7 and adults ≥65 years at 14.2, and highest among infants <1 year at 33.8. The median monthly case count was higher during December–March compared to the rest of the year 6.0 vs. 1.0 (p<0.001). The most common serotypes were 23F (16%) and 14 (14%); 61% (74% in patients <5 years) were serotypes in the 10-valent PCV (PCV 10) and 82% (92% in <5 years) in PCV 13. All isolates were sensitive to penicillin, but non-susceptibility was high for co-trimoxazole (57%), erythromycin (30%), and clindamycin (20%).Conclusions
We demonstrated a high pneumococcal bacteremia burden, yet underestimated incidence because we captured only hospitalized cases, and because pre-culture antibiotics were frequently used. Our findings together with prior research indicate that PCV would likely have high serotype coverage in Thailand. These findings will complement ongoing cost effectiveness analyses and support vaccine policy evaluation in Thailand and the region. 相似文献9.
Nilüfer N. Turan Karni S. Moshal Karim Roder Brett C. Baggett Anatoli Y. Kabakov Saroj Dhakal Ryota Teramoto David Yi-Eng Chiang Mingwang Zhong An Xie Yichun Lu Samuel C. Dudley Jr. Calum A. MacRae Alain Karma Gideon Koren 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2020,295(52):18148
The QT interval is a recording of cardiac electrical activity. Previous genome-wide association studies identified genetic variants that modify the QT interval upstream of LITAF (lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor), a protein encoding a regulator of endosomal trafficking. However, it was not clear how LITAF might impact cardiac excitation. We investigated the effect of LITAF on the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5, which is critical for cardiac depolarization. We show that overexpressed LITAF resulted in a significant increase in the density of Nav1.5-generated voltage-gated sodium current INa and Nav1.5 surface protein levels in rabbit cardiomyocytes and in HEK cells stably expressing Nav1.5. Proximity ligation assays showed co-localization of endogenous LITAF and Nav1.5 in cardiomyocytes, whereas co-immunoprecipitations confirmed they are in the same complex when overexpressed in HEK cells. In vitro data suggest that LITAF interacts with the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2, a regulator of Nav1.5. LITAF overexpression down-regulated NEDD4-2 in cardiomyocytes and HEK cells. In HEK cells, LITAF increased ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of co-expressed NEDD4-2 and significantly blunted the negative effect of NEDD4-2 on INa. We conclude that LITAF controls cardiac excitability by promoting degradation of NEDD4-2, which is essential for removal of surface Nav1.5. LITAF-knockout zebrafish showed increased variation in and a nonsignificant 15% prolongation of action potential duration. Computer simulations using a rabbit-cardiomyocyte model demonstrated that changes in Ca2+ and Na+ homeostasis are responsible for the surprisingly modest action potential duration shortening. These computational data thus corroborate findings from several genome-wide association studies that associated LITAF with QT interval variation. 相似文献
10.
Different values have resulted in conflicts between anglers and conservation lobbies in the management of trout in South Africa. Key to the conflict is the demarcation of boundaries to areas in which brown trout Salmo trutta and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss currently occur, or are likely to establish following stocking for angling. To provide a longer-term perspective on these areas, we developed models to link salmonid biological thermal thresholds to elevation. These, when applied spatially using a digital elevation model with a probability of occurrence model, provided the basis for estimating potentially available thermal habitat for these two cold water species. Here, we acknowledge that other variables (stocking history; river connectivity) also play a role in understanding trout distributions. Using a simple scenario of an increase in mean daily water temperatures of 2 °C, we demonstrated that both brown and rainbow trout are likely to exhibit considerable range reductions in the future. Because it is possible that these range restrictions will result in an increasing desire to introduce trout into areas above their current distribution limits for the maintenance of angling opportunities, conservation managers should prioritise these areas, with management interventions seeking to understand what will help to limit introductions. 相似文献