青厉螨属一新种：（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科）

本文记述青厉螨属一新种——顾氏青厉螨Qinghailaelaps gui sp.nov.,其特征:背板刚毛除F_2外,位于前足体的毛较后半体的明显粗长;生殖腹板与肛板间距为肛孔长的2倍;腹表皮刚毛约95对;寄生于未订名熊蜂体上。模式标本采自宁夏海原县,保存在宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所和贵阳医学院寄生虫学教研室。     

人体和动物模型的体表物理信息地形图的研究

对人体头面、躯干、四肢、耳廓各局部几十个及整个人体等体表部位正、背面等210个部位进行超微弱冷光和温度测量,输入电子计算机,经特殊的自编程序处理,获得十分清晰的,由3000多数据构成的各个局部或人体整体的冷光和温度地形图。 对家兔左、右耳廓、胸腹部、背部都分别观察32个部位的冷光与体表温度,经计算机分析处理,每观察区域获得约由2000个数据构成的精确的冷光、温度地形分市图。并可见不同生理、病理状态及不同病程家兔体表冷光、温度等地形图呈有规律的改变。 此外,我们还编制了以体表左右相应对称部位差值为分析数据进行地形图分析的程序,用以人体和动物体表物理信息对称规律的研究。 本工作以图形的形式显示物理参量在体表的广泛的分布规律,以揭示机体内部的不同生理、病理状态。本方法定位准确、直观醒目,为研究体表信息及机体生命活动规律提供了与逐点直接测量方法相互补充的有益的新手段。     

自交作物群体的遗传组成分析

用数学方法推导出了自交作物群体遗传组成的分析公式。根据所推出的公式,可以计算出任何自交世代群体的基因型频率和同一表现型中各基因型的频率。对自交群体遗传组成的分析可用于质量性状的选择,确定选择时需要的有效群体大小和选出有效群体的大小,亦有助于确定选择的最佳世代。     

The Effects of Temperature on Blepharisma intermedium

SYNOPSIS. An initial rise in temperature increases the reproductive rate in Blepharisma intermedium; after it reaches the maximum, it gradually declines and finally fission is blocked. Cytochemical investigations made on Blepharisma acclimated to 28 C—the temperature at which the reproductive rate is maximum—show that conditions are optimum for cell division. Requisite quantities of glycogen, basic proteins, unsaturated lipids, enzymes alkaline and acid phosphatases are present. At 38 C the cell metabolism is altered, there is a decrease in the quantity of glycogen reserves, proteins and lipids, the enzyme activity diminishes, the free amino acid pattern changes and cell division is blocked. However, this block is transitory. Upon return to room temperature and when fresh culture medium is added, after a lag of 3 days, the cell metabolism becomes normal and the ciliates resume fission.     

德巴利汉逊酵母的两个变种及其相关种的脉冲电泳核型比较分析

摘要:用CHEF(钳位均匀电场)脉冲电泳系统分析了德巴利汉逊酵母的两个变种及两个相关种的脉冲电泳核型。对每个分类群的染色体条数,染色体DNA的分子量大小范围及整个基因组大小作出了估算,结果如下:Debaryomyces hansenii(Zopf) Lodder et Kreger-van Rij var. hansenii具有6-7条染色体,分子量范围为1.2-2.6(个别3.5)Mb,整个基因组大小为I 0.6-14.9Mb;D. hansenii var. fabryi (Ota) Nakase et Suzuki具有7条染色体,分子量范围为0.7-2.4M b,整个基因组大小为12.0-12.7Mb;D. nepalensis Goto et Sugiyama具有6-8条染色体,分子量范围为(个别0.2)1.1-2.7Mb,整个基因组大小为10.6-11.0Mb;Candida saitoana Nakase et Suzuki具有10-11条染色体,分子量范围为0.6-3.6Mb,整个基因组大小为18.1-18.9Mb.本研究表明C. saitoana与上述德巴利酵母属的三个分类群在脉冲电泳核型上具有明显差异,而后三者之间在染色体DNA带型上却没有发现有价值的区别之处.     

宁夏毛绥螨属一新种：蜱螨亚纲：囊螨科

本文记述采自宁夏角川市郊柳树寄生多孔菌体上的毛绥螨属１新种－殷氏毛绥螨Ｌａｓｉｏｓｅｉｕｓ ｙｉｎｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｕ。,模式标本保存在宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所和沈阳农业大学。     

中国副肛厉螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：囊螨科）

本文记述副肛厉螨属一新种－中卫副肛厉螨Ｐａｒａｐｒｏｃｔｏｌａｅｌａｐｓ ｚｈｏｎｇｗｅｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式标本采自宁夏、中卫县,存于宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所。     

拟厉螨属一新种和中国一新纪录：（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科）

本文记述拟厉螨属Ｌａｅｌａｓｐｉｓ Ｂｅｒｌｅｓｅ,１９０３一新种,宁夏拟厉螨Ｌ．ｎｉｎｇｘｉａｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和国内一新纪录,光滑拟厉螨Ｌ．ｌａｅｖｉｓ （Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ,１８９１）。标本采自宁夏海原,存于宁夏回自治区地方病防治和南京大学医学院。     

Effect of host availability on reproduction and survival of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma minutum

Abstract.

• 1 We tested the hypothesis that females of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), could adjust their fecundity schedule according to host availability and that there was a negative correlation between reproduction and survival in these wasps.
• 2 Newly-emerged females were provided with an unlimited or limited number of hosts in the first trial and with either unlimited, limited or zero hosts in the second trial.
• 3 When hosts were unlimited, wasps had the highest rate of reproduction in the first day, which decreased dramatically thereafter. When hosts were limited, wasps from the two trials differed in their response. In Trial I, females with limited hosts had lower first-day fecundity than, and the same subsequent-day fecundity as, those with unlimited hosts. However, in Trial II, females with limited host had a lower first-day but a higher subsequent-day fecundity than those with unlimited hosts. This indicates variation in Trichogramma's ability to shift its fecundity schedule in response to host availability.
• 4 There was a positive (rather than a negative) correlation between reproduction and survival. Wasps that oviposited (in host-unlimited treatment) had greater longevity than those that could not (in host-unavailable treatment).
• 5 The sex ratio of the progeny produced by wasps in both host-unlimited and limited treatments shifted gradually from a female to a male bias as the wasps aged.
• 6 We consider the ability of parasitoids to adjust their fecundity schedule as an adaptation to changing host resources and discuss our findings with regard to theories of life history evolution.

     

Hyposensitive canopy conductance renders ecosystems vulnerable to meteorological droughts

Increased meteorological drought intensity with rising atmospheric demand for water (hereafter vapor pressure deficit [VPD]) increases the risk of tree mortality and ecosystem dysfunction worldwide. Ecosystem-scale water-use strategy is increasingly recognized as a key factor in regulating drought-related ecosystem responses. However, the link between water-use strategy and ecosystem vulnerability to meteorological droughts is poorly established. Using the global flux observations, historic hydroclimatic data, remote-sensing products, and plant functional-trait archive, we identified potentially vulnerable ecosystems, examining how ecosystem water-use strategy, quantified by the percentage bias (δ) of the empirical canopy conductance sensitivity to VPD relative to the theoretical value, mediated ecosystem responses to droughts. We found that prevailing soil water availability substantially impacted δ in dryland regions where ecosystems with insufficient soil moisture usually showed conservative water-use strategy, while ecosystems in humid regions exhibited more pronounced climatic adaptability. Hyposensitive and hypersensitive ecosystems, classified based on δ falling below or above the theoretical sensitivity, respectively, achieved similar net ecosystem productivity during droughts, employing different structural and functional strategies. However, hyposensitive ecosystems, risking their hydraulic system with a permissive water-use strategy, were unable to recover from droughts as quickly as hypersensitive ones. Our findings highlight that processed-based models predicting current functions and future performance of vegetation should account for the greater vulnerability of hyposensitive ecosystems to intensifying atmospheric and soil droughts.