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1.
A simplified approach was devised to recycle sweet whey in production of spore-δ-endotoxin complex from certain entomopathogenic
varieties ofBacillus thuringiensis Berliner. The process suggested aimed at the protection of the environment through dual channels namely biological oxygen
demand (BOD) reduction of the byproduct under investigation and its incorporation in a microbial fermentation for production
of pollution-free biological insecticides. The sweet whey could be used successfully for endotoxin production as complete
fermentation media both as such and with simple treatments. Supplementation of whey media with ground leguminous seeds and
fodder yeast resulted in marked increase in the yields of endotoxin produced but the toxicity was not increased proportionnally.
Standard biological assays revealed high efficiency of certain strains ofB.t. var.entomocidus, kurstaki andgalleriae in producing endotoxins highly active against 3rd instar larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis Boisduval,Spodoptera exigua Hübner andHeliothis armigera Hübner. The suggested approach and the findings obtained are discussed in view of their application feasibilities.
Résumé Une méthode simplifiée a été mise au point pour recycler le petit lait dans la production du complexe spore-δ-endotoxine de certaines variétés entomopathogènes deBacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Le procédé proposé a pour but la protection de l'environnement par un double canal chimique, c'est-à-dire la réduction de la demande biologique en oxygène du sous produit étudié et son incorporation dans une fermentation microbienne pour la fabrication d'insecticides biologiques non polluants. Le petit lait peut être employé avec succès pour la production d'endotoxine à la fois en tant que milieux complets de fermentation et avec des traitements simples. L'addition aux milieux à base de petit lait de graines de légumineuses et de levure alimentaire aboutit à une augmentation sensible des rendements en endotoxine mais la toxicité n'est pas accrue en proportion. Des essais biologiques normalisés montrent une activité élevée de certaines souches deB.t. var.entomocidus, kurstaki etgalleriae qui produisent des endotoxines très actives à l'égard des larves de 3e stage deSpodoptera littoralis Boisduval,Spodoptera exigua Hübner etHeliothis armigera Hübner. La méthode proposée et les résultats obtenus sont discutés en vue de leur faisabilité d'application.相似文献
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ABSTRACTAntioxidant enzymes are essential proteins that maintain cell proliferation potential by protecting against oxidative stress. They are present in many organisms including harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. We previously identified the antioxidant enzyme 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (PRX) in the raphidophyte Chattonella marina. This enzyme specifically decomposes a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). PRX is the only antioxidant enzyme so far identified in C. marina. This study used mRNA-seq, using Trinity assemble and blastx for annotation, to identify a further five antioxidant enzymes from C. marina: Cu Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and thioredoxin (TRX). In the gene expression analysis of six enzymes (Cu/Zn-SOD, GPX, CAT, APX, TRX and PRX) using light-acclimated (100 μmol photons m?2 s?1) C. marina cells, only PRX gene expression levels were significantly increased by strong light irradiation (1000 μmol photons m?2 s?1). H2O2 concentration and scavenging activity were also increased and significantly positively correlated with PRX gene expression levels. In dark-acclimated cells, expression levels of all antioxidant enzymes except APX were significantly increased by light irradiation (100 μmol photons m?2 s?1). Expression decreased the following day, with the exception of PRX expression. With the exception of CAT, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes was not significantly induced by artificial H2O2 treatment, although average gene expression levels were slightly increased in some enzymes. Thus, we suggest that light is the main trigger of gene expression, but the resultant oxidative stress is also a possible factor affecting the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in C. marina. 相似文献
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Gindin G Samish M Zangi G Mishoutchenko A Glazer I 《Experimental & applied acarology》2002,28(1-4):283-288
Boophilus annulatus, Hyalomma excavatum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were shown to be susceptible to different entomopathogenic fungi under laboratory conditions. Comparative results of
bioassays using five different fungal species showed that some strains of Metarhizium anisopliae are highly pathogenic against various tick stages tested. In contrast to their activity against insects, fungi also affected
tick eggs. All tested tick stages including those feeding on a host were found to be susceptible to these fungi, except for
adult H. excavatum ticks, which were relatively resistant.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Aziza Nassar Nicole Sookhan Marta Santisteban Sandra C Bryant Judy C Boughey Tamar Giorgadze Amy Degnim 《Diagnostic pathology》2010,5(1):1-10
Aims
As one of the five Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes, LDH5 has the highest efficiency to catalyze pyruvate transformation to lactate. LDH5 overexpression in cancer cells induces an upregulated glycolytic metabolism and reduced dependence on the presence of oxygen. Here we analyzed LDH5 protein expression in a well characterized large cohort of primary lung cancers in correlation to clinico-pathological data and its possible impact on patient survival.Methods
Primary lung cancers (n = 269) and non neoplastic lung tissue (n = 35) were tested for LDH5 expression by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal LDH5 antibody (ab53010). The results of LDH5 expression were correlated to clinico-pathological data as well as to patient's survival. In addition, the results of the previously tested Transketolase like 1 protein (TKTL1) expression were correlated to LDH5 expression.Results
89.5% (n = 238) of NSCLC revealed LDH5 expression whereas LDH5 expression was not detected in non neoplastic lung tissues (n = 34) (p < 0.0001). LDH5 overexpression was associated with histological type (adenocarcinoma = 57%, squamous cell carcinoma = 45%, large cell carcinoma = 46%, p = 0.006). No significant correlation could be detected with regard to TNM-stage, grading or survival. A two sided correlation between the expression of TKTL1 and LDH5 could be shown (p = 0.002) within the overall cohort as well as for each grading and pN group. A significant correlation between LDH5 and TKTL1 within each histologic tumortype could not be revealed.Conclusions
LDH5 is overexpressed in NSCLC and could hence serve as an additional marker for malignancy. Furthermore, LDH5 correlates positively with the prognostic marker TKTL1. Our results confirm a close link between the two metabolic enzymes and indicate an alteration in the glucose metabolism in the process of malignant transformation. 相似文献7.
Development of Sustained Release Capsules Containing “Coated Matrix Granules of Metoprolol Tartrate”
The objective of this investigation was to prepare sustained release capsule containing coated matrix granules of metoprolol tartrate and to study its in vitro release and in vivo absorption. The design of dosage form was performed by choosing hydrophilic hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K100M) and hydrophobic ethyl cellulose (EC) polymers as matrix builders and Eudragit® RL/RS as coating polymers. Granules were prepared by composing drug with HPMC K100M, EC, dicalcium phosphate by wet granulation method with subsequent coating. Optimized formulation of metoprolol tartrate was formed by using 30% HPMC K100M, 20% EC, and ratio of Eudragit® RS/RL as 97.5:2.5 at 25% coating level. Capsules were filled with free flowing optimized granules of uniform drug content. This extended the release period upto 12 h in vitro study. Similarity factor and mean dissolution time were also reported to compare various dissolution profiles. The network formed by HPMC and EC had been coupled satisfactorily with the controlled resistance offered by Eudragit® RS. The release mechanism of capsules followed Korsemeyer–Peppas model that indicated significant contribution of erosion effect of hydrophilic polymer. Biopharmaceutical study of this optimized dosage form in rabbit model showed 10 h prolonged drug release in vivo. A close correlation (R2 = 0.9434) was established between the in vitro release and the in vivo absorption of drug. The results suggested that wet granulation with subsequent coating by fluidized bed technique, is a suitable method to formulate sustained release capsules of metoprolol tartrate and it can perform therapeutically better than conventional immediate release dosage form.Key words: biopharmaceutical evaluation, coated granules, metoprolol tartrate, sustained release 相似文献
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Gaël Ruiz Vincent Gloaguen Robert Granet Annette Roy Aziza Mouradi-Givernaud François Louvet Pierre Krausz 《Journal of applied phycology》2007,19(1):1-13
The synthesis of hydrophobic plastic films was performed by acylation of agaroids with lauroyl chloride in the N,N-dimethylacetamide
homogeneous system. All the plastic films were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and their degrees of substitution (DS)
was deduced from their 1H-NMR spectra. In addition, thermomechanical feature of plastic films were analyzed and compared to those obtained from other
kinds of hydrophobic plastic films. Latin square design of experiments helped us to determine optimized experimental conditions
and identify the most important factors. Hence, mild conditions of acylation (90∘C, 1 eq/OH of lauroyl chloride, 1 eq/OH of
4-dimethylaminopyridine, 5,min) led to the production of highly substituted plastic films (DS = 3.62; maximum 4) with a high
weight yield (211%) displaying mechanical properties close to polyethylene low density. 相似文献
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Saima Khanam Pilankatta Rajendra Navin Khanna Sathyamangalam Swaminathan 《BMC biotechnology》2007,7(1):10