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Ogweno Midiwo J. Yenesew A. Juma B.F. Derese S. Ayoo J.A. Aluoch A.O. Guchu S. 《Phytochemistry Reviews》2002,1(3):311-323
There are several described medicinal plants in Kenya from a flora of approximately 10,000 members. Strong cross-medical information
from the 42 ethnic groups points to the high potential of some of these species. The Myrsinaceae are well established ethno-anthelmintics
and anti-bacterials. They are harbingers of long alkyl side chain benzoquinones which clearly have a protective function from
their histochemical disposition. The main benzoquinone in the sub-family Myrsinodae is embelin while for the Maesodae it is
maesaquinone together with its 5-acetyl derivative; the distribution of these benzoquinones by their alkyl side chain length
or the presence/absence of a 6-methyl group is in accord with morphological sub-family de-limitation. The benzoquinones showed
anti-feedant, anti-microbial, phytotoxic, acaricidal, insecticidal and nematicidal activity. Many other benzoquinones of medium
and minor concentration were also isolated and characterised. Some plants belonging to the Polygonaceae which are widely used
as ethno-anthelmintics have been studied. The common anthelmintic anthraquinones were obtained from all five Rumex species
while the naphthalenic acetogenin derivative, nepodin was more selectively distributed. The leaf of Polygonum senegalense is up to 17% surface exudate; about thirteen non polar flavonoid derivatives (chalcones, dihydrochalcones, flavanones and
a flavone) have been isolated from it. From the internal aerial tissues of this plant, the major flavonoids were common flavonoids,
quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin and their glycosides. The only unique compound isolated from this plant was 2′-glucosyl-6′-hydroxy-4′-methoxydihydrochalcone
whose aglycone, uvangolatin is part of the exudate mixture. Other leaf exudate plants studied include the stomach-ache medicine,
Psiadia punctulata (Compositae) from which novel methylated flavonoids, kaurene and trachyloban diterpenes have been found.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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