Ueber Astragalus monspessulanus L., A. Wulfeni Koch,A. incanus L. und A. incurvus Desf

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Synthesis and biological activity of linear and cyclic enkephalins modified at the Gly3-Phe4 amide bond

As part of our continuing effort to define structure-activity relationships for enkephalin and design enzymatically resistant analogs, we report the synthesis and biological activities of linear and cyclic enkephalin analogs modified at the Gly3-Phe4 amide bond. The partial retro-inverso enkephalin analog Tyr-D-Ala-gGly-(R,S)-mPhe-Leu-NH2 and its cyclic counterpart, Tyr-cyclo[D-A2 bu-gGly-(R,S)-mPhe-Leu-], were synthesized as diastereomeric mixtures using solution methodology. The racemic benzylmalonate allowed the linear analog to be synthesized by fragment coupling at the reversed bond. Cyclization of the second analog was carried out at high concentration, eliminating formation of polymer by the use of an insoluble base. All gem-diaminoalkyl residues were prepared by conversion of peptidyl amides with benzene iodonium bis(trifluoroacetate). Diastereomers of both compounds were separable by reverse phase HPLC but those of the linear compound racemized rapidly under conditions of testing and were therefore tested together. All analogs tested had activities ranging from 6 to 14% of the activity of Leu enkephalin, indicating that the Gly3-Phe4 amide bond is important, though not crucial, for receptor binding.     

Über eine besondere Art von Laubfall bei einigen immergrünen Holzgewächsen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Rassenumwandlung bei Aspergillus niger

Zusammenfassung Es wurde versucht, zwei physiologisch durch die Oxalsäurebildung und die dadurch beeinflußte Richtung der Autolyse verschiedene Rassen von Aspergillus niger ineinander überzuführen. Dies gelang durch Einwirkung von Trocknen bzw. Erhitzen der Sporen und durch Passage über Tannin- und Oxalsäurelösung.Der Übergang der Rasse Göttingen neu (viel Oxalsäure, saure, helle Autolyse) in die Rasse Göttingen alt (wenig Oxalsäure, neutrale bzw. alkalische, dunkle Autolyse) ging bedeutend leichter als umgekehrt.Durch Oxalsäurepassage wird die Rasse Göttingen alt stärker in der Richtung der sauren, die Rasse Göttingen neu stärker in der Richtung der neutralen Autolyse beeinflußt.Die jeweiligen Veränderungen erwiesen sich drei bis acht Generationen, soweit untersucht, konstant.Mit Hilfe ähnlicher Methoden dürften die Veränderungen bei diesem Pilz der experimentellen Analyse zugänglich werden.Kurzer Auszug aus der Dissertation von Paul Hugo Kreutzmann, Untersuchungen über die Variabilität von Aspergillus niger. Göttingen 1935.     

Anfrage wegen der Bastartfrucht desLycopersicum esculentum undCapsicum annuum

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Wheat dwarf virus, a geminivirus of graminaceous plants needs splicing for replication.

By analysing mRNAs with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by studying in vitro generated mutants we have identified an intron in the genome of wheat dwarf virus (WDV), a geminivirus of cereals. Polypeptides whose expression is essential for the replication of the viral DNA have been defined. They are encoded by two distinct overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The joining of these two ORFs by deletion of the intron as well as the introduction of a frameshift mutation within the intron do not prevent replication of the viral genome in suspension culture cells. In contrast to WDV, the geminiviruses of dicotyledonous plants possess a single continuous ORF, highly homologous to the two individual ones of WDV. We propose that mRNA splicing is a common feature of all geminiviruses of the Gramineae and might contribute to their host class specificity. The existence of a functional intron is a novel finding for the plant viruses.