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1.
    
This paper reports the production of very high levels of cellulase free xylanase and associated hemicellulases by an indigenous thermophilic isolate of Thermomyces lanuginosus (D(2)W(3)) using solid-state fermentation. Sorghum straw, an inexpensive and abundant source of carbon supported maximal xylanase activity (11,855 units/g dry substrate). Culturing T. lanuginosus D(2)W(3) on sorghum straw and optimizing other culture conditions (media types, particle size of carbon source, inoculum level, inoculum age and additives), yielded increased levels of xylanase (39,726 units/g dry substrate). Further optimization of enzyme production was carried out using Box-Behnken design of experiments with three independent variables (inoculum level, glycerol and ammonium sulphate concentrations) which resulted in very high levels of xylanase, 48,000+/-1774 units/g dry substrate, and 2.6+/-0.2, 13.4+/-0.56, 68+/-1.7, 1.4+/-0.08, 1.2+/-0.05 (units/g dry substrate) of beta-xylosidase, alpha-galactosidase, pectinase, beta-mannosidase and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, respectively.  相似文献   
2.
A chemically defined medium was established for the growth of tissue cultures of Holarrhena antidysenterica. Administration of cholesterol-[4-14C] to 10-day-old callus yielded radioactive 24-methylenecholesterol, 28-isofucosterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and conessine, thereby indicating that the conversion of cholesterol into sitosterol is mediated through 24-methylenecholesterol and 28-isofucosterol in this system.  相似文献   
3.
Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) occur ubiquitously and show complex patterns in length, motif size and sequence. Among SSRs, dinucleotide repeats occur in high abundance in fungi with shorter length as compared to other organisms. In this study, multilocus profiles obtained in Magnaporthe grisea, a model plant pathogen were evaluated. The results showed lower rate of polymorphism by (GT)(n)/(TG)(n) repeat-based primers and suggested occurrence of (GA)(n)/(AG)(n) repeats as integral repeats and (TC)(n)/(CT)(n) and (AC)(n)/(CA)(n) as non-integral repeats. Low repeat length variation was found to be correlated with less number of repeat motifs. The study provides an insight into the possibility of molecular coevolution of mobile elements and dinucleotide repeats in fungi. The study could be applied to other species for wider applications including evolutionary and population genetics.  相似文献   
4.
The mass spectral fragmentation pattern and the relative intensities of the fragment peaks of the D ring in some 8-dehydroheteroaromatic steroids were studied. Characteristic differences for the cis and trans isomers were ascertained and were used for the determination of the stereochemistry of thiasteroids of which only one isomer was obtained.  相似文献   
5.
P M Grob  K C Chadha 《Biochemistry》1979,18(26):5782-5786
Human leukocyte interferon (HL-IF), produced by mixed leukocytes infected with Newcastle disease virus, was resolved into three distinct fractions when chromatographed on concanavalin A-agarose. The major portion (70--75%) of interferon appeared in the breakthrough (BT fraction). The bound interferon (25--30%) was displaced from the column as two peaks: the first was eluted with 0.01 M methyl alpha-D-mannoside, yielding 15-20% of the interferon activity (alpha-MM fraction), and the second by including ethylene glycol (70%) in the eluant, yielding the remaining 5--15% of the interferon (EG fraction). No interferon was retained when HL-IF produced in the presence of glycosylation inhibitors (tunicamycin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose) was chromatographed on concanavalin A-agarose, suggesting that the fraction of interferon retained by this lectin is glycosylated. The three fractions of interferon (BT, alpha-MM, and EG) were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, cross-species antiviral activity, and neutralization by specific antisera. The BT fraction contains exclusively the 16 000 molecular weight component of human leukocyte interferon. The majority of the alpha-MM fraction (90%) is the 21 000 molecular weight component. However, the EG fraction contains the 16 000 and 21 000--23 000 molecular weight components in essentially equal proportions. On the basis of cross-species antiviral activity and neutralization by specific antisera, the BT and alpha-MM fractions are leukocyte-type interferon and the EG fraction seems to be primarily of fibroblast type.  相似文献   
6.
7.
Ten different strains of Thermomyces lanuginosus, isolated from composting soils were found to produce phytase when grown on PSM medium. The wild type strain CM was found to produce maximum amount ofphytase (4.33 units/g DW substrate). Culturing T. lanuginosus strain CM on medium containing wheat bran and optimizing other culture conditions (carbon source, media type, nitrogen source, level of nitrogen, temperature, pH, inoculum age, inoculum level and moisture), increased the phytase yield to 13.26 units/g substrate. This culture was further subjected to UV mutagenesis for developing phytase hyperproducing mutants. The mutant (TL-7) showed 2.29-fold increase in phytase activity as compared to the parental strain. Employing Box-Behnken factor factorial design of response surface methodology resulted in optimized phytase production (32.19 units/g of substrate) by mutant TL-7. A simple two-step purification (40.75-folds) ofphytase from mutant TL-7 was achieved by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified phytase (approximately 54 kDa) was characterized to be optimally active at pH 5.0 and temperature 70 degrees C, though the enzyme showed approximately 70% activity over a wide pH and temperature range (2.0-10.0 and 30-90 degrees C, respectively). The phytase showed broad substrate specificity with activity against sodium phytate, ADP and riboflavin phosphate. The phytase from T. lanuginosus was thermoacidstable as it showed up to 70% residual activity after exposure to 70 degrees C at pH 3.0 for 120 min. The enzyme showed Km 4.55 microM and Vmax 0.833 microM/min/mg against sodium phytate as substrate.  相似文献   
8.
    
Heat-stable calmodulin immunoreactivity and bioactivity were detected in crude preparations of various types of human, murine and chicken interferons (IFNs). Calmodulin containing HuIFN-alpha was retained on a trifluorophenothiazine-Sepharose column. The two activities were separated by serial elutions with 50 microM Ca2+ (HuIFN-alpha) followed by 2 mM EGTA (calmodulin). While maintaining its full antiviral activity, calmodulin free HuIFN-alpha inhibited enhancement of Ca2+-ATPase activity in vitro by authentic purified eukaryote calmodulin. These results indicate that IFNs are calmodulin-binding proteins and that the secretion of both IFNs and calmodulin occurs from IFN-induced cells.  相似文献   
9.

Background

Light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy (LED-FM) has been shown to be more sensitive than conventional bright field microscopy using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain in detecting sputum smear positive tuberculosis in controlled laboratory conditions. In 2012, Auramine O staining based LED-FM replaced conventional ZN microscopy in 200 designated microscopy centres (DMC) of medical colleges operating in collaboration with India’s Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. We aimed to assess the impact of introduction of LED-FM services on sputum smear positive case detection under program conditions.

Methods

This was a before and after comparison study. In 15 randomly selected medical college DMCs, all presumptive TB patients who underwent sputum smear examination in the years 2011 (before LED-FM) and 2012 (after LED-FM) were compared. An additional 15 comparable DMCs that implemented conventional ZN sputum smear microscopy were also selected for comparison between 2011 and 2012.

Results

The proportion of presumptive TB patients (PTP)found sputum smear positive increased by 30%- from 13.6% (3432/25159) in 2011 to 17.8% (4706/26426) in 2012 (P value <0.01) in the sites that implemented LED-FM microscopy, whereas in DMCs where the ZN staining procedure is followed the proportion of sputum smear positive had remained unchanged (13.0%versus 12.6%;P value0.31).

Conclusion

Use of LED-FM significantly increased the proportion of smear positive cases among presumptive TB patients under routine program conditions in high workload laboratories. The study provides operational evidence needed to scale-up the use of LED-FM in similar settings in India and beyond.  相似文献   
10.
We have described a nonantibody type inhibitor of interferons (IFN) in the blood of patients with AIDS, advanced neoplastic disorders, and lupus erythematosus in earlier reports (1,2). In the present study we show that the semipurified inhibitor blocks the antiproliferative signal of IFN-alpha in Daudi cells and the membrane potential shifting ability of IFN-alpha is modulated by the interferon inhibitor preparation (IFI).  相似文献   
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