Reproduction characteristics and crow’s index in different groups of yevpatoria population

According to the obstetric history of Yevpatoria residents of postreproductive age, the parameters of the differential fertility as components of the natural selection (index Crow) in Slavic (Russian and Ukrainian) and non-Slavic individuals have been calculated. It is shown that, in the studied population, in one generation, the index of total selection decreased from 0.3 to 0.32 by reducing the value I _m. For Slavic females, the average number of pregnancies is 5.26, while the number of offspring is 1.75, and the index of total selection equals 0.31. For non-Slavic women, these ratings were 4.84, 2.09, and 0.46. In non-Slavic women, natural reproductive losses occur more frequently than in Slavic women, which may be associated with inbreeding, the level of which is usually higher in members of the Muslim faith. The average number of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the non-Slavic families is 0.759, while for Slavic families, it is 0.503. Reproductive problems were observed in 36.4% of Slavic families and 44.8% of non-Slavic families. The index of total selection in non-Slavs (0.46) is 1.5 times higher than in Slavs (0.31). The difference is due to the selection component, coupled with differential fertility (0.36 and 0.23, respectively). Interethnic differences in the rate of natural increase can change the ethnic and denominational composition of the city, leading to an increase in the Muslim component.     

Inheritance of reproductive traits of medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis L.)

The phenotype variability and inheritance of reproductive traits were investigated in the medicinal leech. Distribution parameters were determined for the following traits: batch size (X = 4.3 +/- 0.2, sigma = 1.7, CV = 40%, As = 0.23 +/- 0.25, Ex = 0.19 +/- 0.51), number of juveniles in a cocoon (X = 10.9 +/- 0.3, sigma = 4.6, CV = 42%, As = 0.31 +/- 0.15, Ex = 0.23 +/- 0.30), and juvenile weight (X = 32.0 +/- 0.3, sigma = 14.9, CV = 47%, As = 1.38 +/- 0.05, Ex = 3.32 +/- 0.11. A nonlinear negative correlation between the number of juveniles in a cocoon and their weight was found (correlation ratio R = 0.86). It was shown that the environmental variance dominated over the genotypic one in the structure of phenotypic variance of the traits studied. The genetic variability is determined mainly by additive gene interactions and, to a small extent, intralocus dominance. The narrow-sense heritability, h2, for batch size was 0.35-0.40; for the number of juveniles in a cocoon, 0.35; for juvenile weight, 0.42.     

A genetic analysis of endocrine diseases of the thyroid and pancreas

The genetic determination of insulin-dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus and thyroid gland diseases (TGD) was carried out using clinical-genealogical data on 229 patients with IDDM, 275 patient with NIDDM, 247 patients with TGD and their relatives. Results of component decomposition showed the role of genetic factors in the determination of these diseases and the existence of interloci interaction in genetic control of IDDM and NIDDM. The genetic independence of these diseases and genetic homogeneity of NIDDM were revealed using models of Ch. Smith and T. Reich.     

Spatial and geographic characteristics of marriage migration in the Lugansk population

Data from the Lugansk City Registry Office archives of 1960, 1985, 1990, and 2000 were used to calculate genetic demographic parameters characterizing marriage migration. The migration coefficients (m) in these years were 0.69, 0.54, 0.47, and 0.36; the endogamy indices were 12.1, 24.4, 30.5, and 43.2%, and the marriage contingency coefficients with respect to birthplace (K) were 0.12, 0.10, 0.11, and 0.13, respectively. The mean migration distance increased by a factor of 1.5 (from 599 to 870 km), and the mean parent-offspring distance decreased by a factor of 1.3 (from 415 to 317 km) during the period between 1960 and 2000. The mean marriage distance increased from 654 to 718 km between 1960 and 1985 and then decreased to 594 km by the year 2000. The proportion of "long-distance" migrations calculated using Malecot's model increased from 0.013 to 0.021 between 1960 and 1990 and decreased to 0.005 by 2000. The proportion of "short-distance" migrations was 0.77 in 1960 and 0.51 in 2000. The migration efficiency increased from 0.09 to 0.18 between 1960 and 1990 and decreased to 0.07 by 2000. In the years studied, the indices of isolation by distance (b) were 0.0005, 0.0004, 0.0005, and 0.0002, and the population "radii" were 90, 118, 119, and 168 km, respectively.     

Spatial and geographic characteristics of marriage migration in the Lugansk population

Data from the Lugansk City Registry Office archives of 1960, 1985, 1990, and 2000 were used to calculate genetic demographic parameters characterizing marriage migration. The migration coefficients (m) in these years were 0.69, 0.54, 0.47, and 0.36; the endogamy indices were 12.1, 24.4, 30.5, and 43.2%, and the marriage contingency coefficients with respect to birthplace (K) were 0.12, 0.10, 0.11, and 0.13, respectively. The mean migration distance increased by a factor of 1.5 (from 599 to 870 km), and the mean parent-offspring distance decreased by a factor of 1.3 (from 415 to 317 km) during the period between 1960 and 2000. The mean marriage distance increased from 654 to 718 km between 1960 and 1985 and then decreased to 594 km by the year 2000. The proportion of “long-distance” migrations calculated using Malecot’s model increased from 0.013 to 0.021 between 1960 and 1990 and decreased to 0.005 by 2000. The proportion of “short-distance” migrations was 0.77 in 1960 and 0.51 in 2000. The migration efficiency increased from 0.09 to 0.18 between 1960 and 1990 and decreased to 0.07 by 2000. In the years studied, the indices of isolation by distance (b) were 0.0005, 0.0004, 0.0005, and 0.0002, and the population “radii” were 90, 118, 119, and 168 km, respectively.     

Single nucleotide polymorphism of +276 g > t adiponectin (APM1) gene in donors of Kharkiv population

Polymorphism of adiponectine (APM1) gene in +276G > T position was studied. For this research we used blood samples of 103 donors (men/women: 65/38; 70 Ukrainian, 33 Russian) - habitants of Kharkiv. Frequencies of T and G alleles were pT = 0.55 and pG = 0.45 in a general group. They did not meaningfully differentiate either for men and women or for Russians and Ukrainians. Distribution of genotypes did not correspond to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: share of heterozygotes was 1.55 times higher than selectively-neutral value, share of TT homozygote is 0.55, and GG homozygote is 0.33 of equilibrium value.     

Genetic Demographic Structure of the Belgorod Population: Age,Ethnicity, Education,and Occupation

Data from marriage records of the city of Belgorod for 1960, 1985, and 1995 have been used to determine some parameters of population structure in this city. The coefficients of correlation with respect to age of marriage between spouses in the couples contracting marriages in these years were 0.74, 0.62, and 0.80, respectively. Women of reproductively unfavorable age (under 20 or over 30 years) accounted for 5.5, 0.83, and 19% of all women contracting marriages in these years, respectively. The proportions of interethnic marriages in these years were 16.9, 14.9, and 15.6%, respectively. The percentage of Slavs decreased from 99 to 97% during the 35 years studied, whereas the proportion of Russians insignificantly increased (from 90.4 to 91.4%). The proportion of Caucasian ethnic groups increased by six time (from 0.3 to 1.8%), and that of other non-Slavic ethnic groups increased by almost two times (from 0.7 to 1.2%). The marriage convergence (K) with respect to ethnicity (0.095, 0.106, and 0.090 in 1960, 1985, and 1995, respectively) was lower than that with respect to education (0.296 and 0.350 in 1985 and 1995, respectively) or occupation (0.212 and 0.231 in 1985 and 1995, respectively). The maximum coefficients of ethnically, educationally, and occupationally assortative marriage have been found, respectively, in ethnic minority groups (A′ = 20%); in persons with higher and primary education (A′ = 37.5 and 49.9%, respectively); and in the military officers/soldiers, engineers, healthcare professionals, and researchers (the respective A′ values are 65.6, 32.2, 31.5, and 39.8%).__________Translated from Genetika, Vol. 41, No. 6, 2005, pp. 823–829.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Atramentova, Filiptsova.     

Familial Correlations of the Ages of Manifestation of Lung Cancer and Large-Intestine Cancer

The probability to develop lung cancer before 80 years of age is 1.67 and 0.18% for the male and female populations of Kharkov, respectively; the probability to develop large-intestine cancer is 0.92 and 0.49%, respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) of the age of manifestation (AM) of cancer in parent–offspring pairs is 0.47. These correlation coefficients for the father–son, mother–daughter, mother–son, and father–daughter pairs are 0.64, 0.49, 0.44, and 0.37, respectively. If the parent has lung cancer, the correlation is stronger (r = 0.71). On average, cancer is manifested in offspring earlier than in parents (57 and 63 years, respectively); the differences in the father–daughter and mother–son pairs are 8.2 and 2.8 years, respectively. The best prognostic parameter is the AM of cancer in the father with respect to the AM in the son (b _yx = 0.45).     

Q192R polymorphism of <Emphasis Type="Italic">PON-1</Emphasis> gene in type 2 diabetes patients

The Q192R polymorphism of PON-1 gene was genotyped in 96 individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and 123 nondiabetic control individuals from Kharkiv. Allele frequencies do not differ significantly between T2DM (p _Q = 0.65 and p _R = 0.35) and healthy individuals (p _Q = 0.70 and p _R = 0.30). Genotype distribution for healthy people complies with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the T2DM patients have excess of both homozygotes and deficiency of heterozygotes. The risk of T2DM for QQ homozygotes is 1.47 times higher and for QR heterozygote is twice lower than the population average (2%). The RR homozygote individuals have statistically insignificant, 1.86 times, increase in T2DM risk.     

Aggression and empathy as genetic differentiation factors of urban population

Permanent residents of Kharkiv (637 men and 856 women at the age of 45–65 years) are tested on the level of aggression and empathy. The average aggression level (41.7 points) is higher in migrants (born outside Kharkiv) than in indigenous people (36.3 points); the average empathy level is lower in migrants (3.2 points) than in indigenous people (5.5 points). The average values of the aggression and empathy indices are not associated with ethnicity and degree of miscegenation. The correlation between spouses (r) by these personal features is within 0.20–0.31; the marriage conjugation index (K) is 0.13–0.18. Genotyping of the married couples for the rs2235186 SNP of X-linked monoaminooxidase (MAO-A) gene detected a positive marriage assortativeness: the C × CC and T × TT pairs are developed more frequently than during panmixia; the C × TT and T × CC pairs, less frequently. The T allele is coupled with increased aggression level and decreased empathy level. The phenotypes of heterozygous women indicate the intermediate inheritance of these traits.