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1.
It was ascertained that thymidine-3H added exogenously is incorporated periodically into the nucleus of the fertilized and the artificially activated eggs of Pseudocentrotus, Temnopleurus and Anthocidaris. Eggs stimulated insufficiently with butyric acid did not show any enhancement of incorporation of thymidine-3H. However, repetition of an insufficient stimulation induced incorporation of thymidine to some degree, although no visible cortical changes occurred. 相似文献
2.
Yasuhiro Iwao Chihiro Kimoto Ayaka Fujimoto Asuka Suda Yuki Hara 《Molecular reproduction and development》2020,87(3):358-369
The union between a sperm and an egg nucleus in egg fertilization is necessary to mix genetic materials to create a new diploid genome for the next generation. In most animals, only one sperm is incorporated into the egg (monospermy), but several animals exhibit physiological polyspermy in which several sperms enter the egg during normal fertilization. However, only one sperm nucleus forms the zygote nucleus with the egg nucleus, even in a polyspermic egg. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the selection of sperm nuclei in the egg cytoplasm have been well investigated in urodele amphibians. The principal sperm nucleus develops a larger sperm aster and contacts the egg nucleus to form a zygote nucleus, whereas other accessory sperm nuclei are unable to approach the egg nucleus. The diploid zygote nucleus induces cleavage and participates in embryonic development, whereas the accessory sperm nuclei undergo pyknosis and degenerate. We propose several models to account for the mechanisms of the selection of one sperm nucleus and the degeneration of accessory sperm nuclei. The roles of physiological polyspermy in animal reproduction are discussed by comparison with other polyspermic species. 相似文献
3.
Gilman Eric Chaloupka Milani Ishizaki Asuka Carnes Mathew Naholowaa Hollyann Brady Colby Ellgen Sarah Kingma Eric 《Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries》2021,31(3):653-666
Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries - Albatross bycatch has been increasing over the past decade in the US tuna longline fishery of the central North Pacific. A controlled field... 相似文献
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Susumu Hara Shigeki Arawaka Hiroyasu Sato Youhei Machiya Can Cui Asuka Sasaki Shingo Koyama Takeo Kato 《Molecular biology of the cell》2013,24(11):1649-1660
Most α-synuclein (α-syn) deposited in Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson disease (PD), is phosphorylated at Ser-129. However, the physiological and pathological roles of this modification are unclear. Here we investigate the effects of Ser-129 phosphorylation on dopamine (DA) uptake in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells expressing α-syn. Subcellular fractionation of small interfering RNA (siRNA)–treated cells shows that G protein–coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3), GRK5, GRK6, and casein kinase 2 (CK2) contribute to Ser-129 phosphorylation of membrane-associated α-syn, whereas cytosolic α-syn is phosphorylated exclusively by CK2. Expression of wild-type α-syn increases DA uptake, and this effect is diminished by introducing the S129A mutation into α-syn. However, wild-type and S129A α-syn equally increase the cell surface expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) in SH-SY5Y cells and nonneuronal HEK293 cells. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of GRK5 or GRK6 significantly attenuates DA uptake without altering DAT cell surface expression, whereas knockdown of CK2 has no effect on uptake. Taken together, our results demonstrate that membrane-associated α-syn enhances DA uptake capacity of DAT by GRKs-mediated Ser-129 phosphorylation, suggesting that α-syn modulates intracellular DA levels with no functional redundancy in Ser-129 phosphorylation between GRKs and CK2. 相似文献
6.
Sayuri Hamano Atsushi Tomokiyo Daigaku Hasegawa Asuka Yuda Hideki Sugii Shinichiro Yoshida Hiromi Mitarai Naohisa Wada Hidefumi Maeda 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2020,121(12):4798-4808
Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are receptors of noradrenalin and adrenalin, of which there are nine different subtypes. In particular, β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is known to be related to the restoration and maintenance of homeostasis in bone and cardiac tissues; however, the functional role of signaling through β2-AR in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue has not been fully examined. In this report, we investigated that β2-AR expression in PDL tissues and their features in PDL cells. β2-AR expressed in rat PDL tissues and human PDL cells (HPDLCs) derived from two different patients (HPDLCs-2G and -3S). Rat PDL tissue with occlusal loading showed high β2-AR expression, while its expression was downregulated in that without loading. In HPDLCs, β2-AR expression was increased exposed to stretch loading. The gene expression of PDL-related molecules was investigated in PDL clone cells (2-23 cells) overexpressing β2-AR. Their gene expression and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were also investigated in HPDLCs treated with a specific β2-AR agonist, fenoterol (FEN). Overexpression of β2-AR significantly promoted the gene expression of PDL-related molecules in 2 to 23 cells. FEN led to an upregulation in the expression of PDL-related molecules and increased intracellular cAMP levels in HPDLCs. In both HPDLCs, inhibition of cAMP signaling by using protein kinase A inhibitor suppressed the FEN-induced gene expression of α-smooth muscle actin. Our findings suggest that the occlusal force is important for β2-AR expression in PDL tissue and β2-AR is involved in fibroblastic differentiation and collagen synthesis of PDL cells. The signaling through β2-AR might be important for restoration and homeostasis of PDL tissue. 相似文献
7.
Yohsuke Ohba Eriko Kage‐Nakadai Naoko H Tomioka Nozomu Kono Rieko Imae Asuka Inoue Junken Aoki Naotada Ishihara Shohei Mitani Hiroyuki Arai 《The EMBO journal》2013,32(9):1265-1279
Glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is involved in the first step in glycerolipid synthesis and is localized in both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. To clarify the functional differences between ER‐GPAT and mitochondrial (Mt)‐GPAT, we generated both GPAT mutants in C. elegans and demonstrated that Mt‐GPAT is essential for mitochondrial fusion. Mutation of Mt‐GPAT caused excessive mitochondrial fragmentation. The defect was rescued by injection of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a direct product of GPAT, and by inhibition of LPA acyltransferase, both of which lead to accumulation of LPA in the cells. Mitochondrial fragmentation in Mt‐GPAT mutants was also rescued by inhibition of mitochondrial fission protein DRP‐1 and by overexpression of mitochondrial fusion protein FZO‐1/mitofusin, suggesting that the fusion/fission balance is affected by Mt‐GPAT depletion. Mitochondrial fragmentation was also observed in Mt‐GPAT‐depleted HeLa cells. A mitochondrial fusion assay using HeLa cells revealed that Mt‐GPAT depletion impaired mitochondrial fusion process. We postulate from these results that LPA produced by Mt‐GPAT functions not only as a precursor for glycerolipid synthesis but also as an essential factor of mitochondrial fusion. 相似文献
8.
Guowei Jiang Asuka Inoue Junken Aoki Glenn D. Prestwich 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(6):1865-1869
We describe an efficient synthesis of metabolically stabilized sn-2 radyl phosphorothioate analogs of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and the determination of the agonist activity of each analog for the six LPA receptors (LPA1–6) using a recently developed TGFα shedding assay. In general, the sn-2 radyl OMPT analogs showed similar agonist activities to the previous 1-oleoyl-2-O-methyl-glycerophosphothioate (sn-1 OMPT) analogs for LPA1–6 receptors. In most cases, the sn-2 radyl-OMPT analogs were more potent agonists than LPA itself. Most importantly, sn-2 alkyl OMPT analogs were very potent LPA5 and LPA6 agonists. The availability of sn-2 radyl OPMT analogs further refines the structure–activity relationships for ligand–receptor interactions for this class of GPCRs. 相似文献
9.
Asuka Kamei Yuki Watanabe Fumika Shinozaki Akihito Yasuoka Takashi Kondo Tomoko Ishijima 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):1893-1897
Effects of the administration of maple syrup extract (MSX) on hepatic gene expression were investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet. Gene annotation enrichment analysis based on gene ontology revealed some changes in the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and the immune response in MSX-fed mice. Detailed analysis of these data indicated that MSX ingestion mitigates hepatic inflammation. 相似文献
10.
Issei Ueda Shingo Kakeda Keita Watanabe Reiji Yoshimura Taro Kishi Osamu Abe Satoru Ide Junji Moriya Asuka Katsuki Hikaru Hori Nakao Iwata Jun Nakamura Yukunori Korogi 《PloS one》2016,11(3)