In vivo evoked specific cell mediated cytotoxicity in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) uses mainly a perforin/granzyme-like pathway

A specific cytotoxicity assay has been developed for carp using the Epithelioma Papulosum Cyprini (EPC) cell line as target cells and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as read out system. Non-specific cytotoxicity against EPC was not observed, but animals immunized with EPC clearly showed specific killing by effector cells present in kidney, blood and spleen. This killing was strongly calcium dependent, suggesting the utilization of a perforin/granzyme-like pathway. However, blocking with EGTA was not complete indicating the existence of other additional killing routes.     

A comparison of high-throughput plasma NMR protocols for comparative untargeted metabolomics

Metabolomics - Understanding the interaction between organisms and the environment is important for predicting and mitigating the effects of global phenomena such as climate change, and the fate,...