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Shabnam Asfaram Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi Mahdi Fakhar Elham Sadat Banimostafavi Masoud Soosaraei 《Parasitology international》2018,67(5):575-583
Visualization of amastigotes in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and other tissues samples remains the gold standard method for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in humans. This gold standard diagnostic method uses a technically challenging microscopy procedure that is often not accessible in many places in the world where VL is endemic. Here, we report the current systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether urine is a reliable clinical sample for diagnosis of human VL. Data were extracted from ten available databases during the period from 2002 to 2017. Overall, 29 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were used for data extraction in this systematic review. Most studies (72.4%) using urine specimens were reported from five countries: India 6 (20.7%), Iran 5 (17.2%), Bangladesh 4 (13.8%), Japan 3 (10.3%) and Spain 3 (10.3%), respectively. The most common diagnostic tests performed on urine were Katex (62.1%), ELISA (24.1%), and the rK39 (17.2%) assays. In meta-analysis the sensitivity and specificity of the three most commonly used diagnostic assays were rK39 (97%; CI: 91–99; 98%;76–100), ELISA (91%; 82–95; 99%; CI: 94–100), and Katex (83%; 73–90; 98%; 98–100), suggesting that the rK39 assay provided the highest sensitivity and the ELISA assay provided the highest specificity for diagnosis of VL from urine samples. Our findings suggest that urine is a valuable clinical sample for the diagnosis of human VL, particularly in areas where the gold standard test for VL is not available. 相似文献
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Doustimotlagh Amir Hossein Kokhdan Esmaeel Panahi Vakilpour Hossein Khalvati Bahman Barmak Mehrzad Jafari Sadeghi Hossein Asfaram Arash 《Molecular biology reports》2020,47(7):5001-5012
Molecular Biology Reports - Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is used in the management of autoimmune conditions and malignant illnesses. However, its therapeutic use is limited because of its severe side... 相似文献
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