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CJ Cooksey 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2014,89(5):384-387
The history, origin, identity, chemistry and uses of Congo red are described. Originally patented in 1884, Congo red soon found applications in dyeing cotton, as a pH indicator for chemists and as a biological stain. Unlike the majority of the 19th century synthetic dyes, it still is available commercially. 相似文献
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Lipoteichoic acid is an important microbe-associated molecular pattern of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
Claes Ingmar JJ Segers Marijke E Verhoeven Tine LA Dusselier Michiel Sels Bert F De Keersmaecker Sigrid CJ Vanderleyden Jos Lebeer Sarah 《Microbial cell factories》2012,11(1):1-8
Background
Receptors with a single transmembrane (TM) domain are essential for the signal transduction across the cell membrane. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study structure of the single TM domain. The expression and purification of a TM domain in Escherichia coli (E.coli) is challenging due to its small molecular weight. Although ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) is a commonly used affinity tag for expression and purification of short peptides, KSI tag needs to be removed with the toxic reagent cyanogen bromide (CNBr).Result
The purification of the TM domain of p75 neurotrophin receptor using a KSI tag with the introduction of a thrombin cleavage site is described herein. The recombinant fusion protein was refolded into micelles and was cleaved with thrombin. Studies showed that purified protein could be used for structural study using NMR spectroscopy.Conclusions
These results provide another strategy for obtaining a single TM domain for structural studies without using toxic chemical digestion or acid to remove the fusion tag. The purified TM domain of p75 neurotrophin receptor will be useful for structural studies. 相似文献5.
The results described in the accompanying article support the model inwhich glucosylphosphoryldolichol (Glc-P-Dol) is synthesized on thecytoplasmic face of the ER, and functions as a glucosyl donor for threeGlc-P-Dol:Glc0-2Man9-GlcNAc2-P-P-Dol glucosyltransferases (GlcTases) in thelumenal compartment. In this study, the enzymatic synthesis and structuralcharacterization by NMR and electrospray-ionization tandem massspectrometry of a series of water-soluble beta-Glc-P-Dol analogs containing2-4 isoprene units with either the cis - or trans - stereoconfiguration inthe beta-position are described. The water- soluble analogs were (1) usedto examine the stereospecificity of the Glc-P-Dol:Glc0-2Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-Dolglucosyltransferases (GlcTases) and (2) tested as potential substrates fora membrane protein(s) mediating the transbilayer movement of Glc-P-Dol insealed ER vesicles from rat liver and pig brain. The Glc-P-Dol-mediatedGlcTases in pig brain microsomes utilized [3H]Glc-labeled Glc-P-Dol10,Glc-P-(omega, c )Dol15, Glc-P(omega, t,t )Dol20, and Glc-P-(omega, t,c)Dol20as glucosyl donors with [3H]Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-Dol the major productlabeled in vitro. A preference was exhibited for C15-20 substratescontaining an internal cis -isoprene unit in the beta-position. Inaddition, the water-soluble analog, Glc-P-Dol10, was shown to enter thelumenal compartment of sealed microsomal vesicles from rat liver and pigbrain via a protein-mediated transport system enriched in the ER. Theproperties of the ER transport system have been characterized. Glc-P-Dol10was not transported into or adsorbed by synthetic PC-liposomes orbovine erythrocytes. The results of these studies indicate that (1) theinternal cis -isoprene units are important for the utilization of Glc-P-Dolas a glucosyl donor and (2) the transport of the water- soluble analog mayprovide an experimental approach to assay the hypothetical \"flippase\"proposed to mediate the transbilayer movement of Glc-P-Dol from thecytoplasmic face of the ER to the lumenal monolayer. 相似文献
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J. A. Scott J. A. Howell T. C. Arnot K. L. Smith M. Bruska 《Biotechnology Techniques》1996,10(4):287-290
Summary A cross-flow ceramic membrane was coupled to a bioreactor to fulfil the alternate functions of process stream clarifier and primary aerator. At the same air supply rate (delivered as a back-flush), ceramic membranes provided up to 72% greater aeration than a ring-sparger located in the bioreactor. In Biol.ogical treatment of dairy food process waste, the air backflush had the additional benefit of inhibiting membrane fouling, thereby maintaining higher (by about 100%) permeate fluxes. 相似文献
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Richard S. Arnot 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1973,1(5846):177-178
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CJ Cooksey 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2016,91(1):71-76
Rhodamines were first produced in the late 19th century, when they constituted a new class of synthetic dyes. These compounds since have been used to color many things including cosmetics, inks, textiles, and in some countries, food products. Certain rhodamine dyes also have been used to stain biological specimens and currently are widely used as fluorescent probes for mitochondria in living cells. The early history and current biological applications are sketched briefly and an account of the ambiguities, complications and confusions concerning dye identification and nomenclature are discussed. 相似文献
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