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排序方式: 共有760条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Anu Lipsanen Stefanie Flunkert Kristina Kuptsova Mikko Hiltunen Manfred Windisch Birgit Hutter-Paier Jukka Jolkkonen 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Experimental studies have identified a complex link between neurodegeneration, β-amyloid (Aβ) and calcium homeostasis. Here we asked whether early phase β-amyloid pathology in transgenic hAPPSL mice exaggerates the ischemic lesion and remote secondary pathology in the thalamus, and whether a non-selective calcium channel blocker reduces these pathologies. Transgenic hAPPSL (n = 33) and non-transgenic (n = 30) male mice (4–5 months) were subjected to unilateral cortical photothrombosis and treated with the non-selective calcium channel blocker bepridil (50 mg/kg, p.o., once a day) or vehicle for 28 days, starting administration 2 days after the operation. Animals were then perfused for histological analysis of infarct size, Aβ and calcium accumulation in the thalamus. Cortical photothrombosis resulted in a small infarct, which was associated with atypical Aβ and calcium accumulation in the ipsilateral thalamus. Transgenic mice had significantly smaller infarct volumes than non-transgenic littermates (P<0.05) and ischemia-induced rodent Aβ accumulation in the thalamus was lower in transgenic mice compared to non-transgenic mice (P<0.01). Bepridil decreased calcium load in the thalamus (P<0.01). The present data suggest less pronounced primary and secondary pathology in hAPPSL transgenic mice after ischemic cortical injury. Bepridil particularly decreased calcium pathology in the thalamus following ischemia. 相似文献
2.
Lymphoid cell subclasses in rejecting renal allograft in the rat 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
We have quantitated the frequency of lymphoid cell subsets in rejecting renal allografts and in the spleen of the allograft recipient during drug-unmodified rejection in the rat. The number of inflammatory (white) cells in the graft was approximately similar to the number of white cells responding to the allograft in the recipient spleen. The inflammatory population of the graft consisted of lymphoid cells and mononuclear phagocytes, with increasing numbers of macrophages toward the end of rejection. Analysis of allograft cellular dispersates with monoclonal antibodies directed to the lymphoid cell subsets demonstrated that although the majority of allograft-infiltrating lymphocytes were T cells, a sizable B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin synthesis was associated with the inflammatory response of rejection. Within the T-cell subset, the T suppressor/killer cells predominated in the graft whereas the predominant lymphoid cell subset responding to the allograft in the recipient spleen was the T helper cell. 相似文献
3.
In the present study the whole sample of 772 desert gerbils was collected from the semi-arid areas in and around Jaipur (Rajasthan, India). The male exhibits active spermatogenesis and well maintained accessory reproductive organs at any time of the year. Reproductive organs of the male gerbil are briefly described. The vaginal and urinary openings are independent in the gerbil. There are four pairs of mammae. Follicular development takes place cyclically. Maximum atresia of follicles is noticed during metoestrus. A well developed Graafian follicle measures 590 μ across its widest diameter. The average diameter of the ovum is 65 μ. At the time of ovulation formation of stigma occurs which gives way to the ovum. The corpus luteum is formed from the remaining granulosa cells of the ovulated follicle. Fully formed corpus luteum of the cycle (during dioestrus) measures 740 μ. Maximum development of the corpus luteum is seen during late pregnancy (22–25 days) when it measures 1250 μ. During pregnancy large Graafian follicles are absent. After parturition the ovary shows corpora lutea of lactation. Histological changes in the uterus and vagina during the oestrous cycle of the gerbil are described. There is less proestrus distension of the uterus as compared with the rat. During oestrus the uterine endometrium hypertrophies and there are some degenerative changes in the epithelial lining. The changes in the vaginal epithelium are clear cut and are correlated with the ovarian activity. During proestrus proliferation of the epithelium occurs and at ‘heat period’ or oestrus the epithelium shows formation of the stratum corneum and the shedding of cornified cells. In the dioestrus the vaginal epithelium is heavily infiltrated by leucocytes. There are three peaks in the incidence of pregnancy rate, i.e., February to April, July, and September to November. Pregnancy rate is lowest during summer (May and June) and winter (December and January). Average monthly litter size shows almost similar changes. The average length of gestation period is 30 days. There is post-partum heat in this animal. Formation of a vaginal plug is noticed following copulation. Litter size varies from 2–7. The average body weight of the new born young is 3.5 and 3.4 gm respectively for the male and the female. Weaning of the young is observed after about 20 days. Descent of the testes into the scrotal sacs occurs around day 28. Vagina opens after about 75 days. 相似文献
4.
In order to find a suitable reagent for extracting the muscarinic receptor from rat brain membranes 14 different detergents
were tested. Only the plant glycoside digitonin efficiently solubilized the receptor protein in its native form. At the same
time microviscosity of detergent micelles was determined by measuring the fluorescence polarization of a hydrophobic fluorescent
probe diphenylhexatriene incorporated into the micelles. In the case of digitonin the polarization value was close to the
corresponding value obtained for rat brain membrane fragments, while for the other detergents studied it remained considerably
lower. The results obtained indicate that the fluidity of detergent micelles may play an important role in retaining the active
conformation of the solubilized muscarinic receptor. 相似文献
5.
Extracelluar lipase activity was detected in a culture of Pseudomonas strain Ptm+ growing on hexachlorocyclohexane. Lipase activity was associated with growth of the bacterium and reached a peak at early idiophase (22 h). Following the lipase activity, bioemulsifier was produced, with maximum activity at mid-idiophase (32 h). The extracellular lipase is probably involved in the extracellular synthesis of the bioemulsifier in the culture broth. 相似文献
6.
A Genetic and Mosaic Analysis of a Locus Involved in the Anesthesia Response of Drosophila Melanogaster
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We describe a genetic and behavioral analysis of several alleles of har38, a mutant with altered sensitivity to the general anesthetic halothane. We obtained a P-element-induced allele of har38 and generated several excision alleles by remobilizing the P element. The mutants narrow abdomen (na) and har85 are confirmed to be allelic to har38. Besides a decreased sensitivity to halothane, all mutant alleles of this locus cause a characteristic walking behavior in the absence of anesthetics. We have quantified this behavior using a geotaxis apparatus. Responses of the mutant alleles to different inhalational anesthetics were tested. The results strongly favor a multipathway model for the onset of anesthesia. Mosaic flies were tested for their response to halothane and checked for their abnormal walking behavior. The analysis suggests that both the behaviors are exhibited only by such mosaics as have the entire head of mutant origin. It is likely that this focus represents an element of a common pathway in the anesthetic response to several inhalational anesthetics but not all. This result is the first demonstration of regional specificity in the CNS of any animal for general anesthetic action. 相似文献
7.
A complete synthesis of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-N-(heptadec-8-cis-enyl)carbamyl-sn-glycero-3-Phosphocholine, a novel analog of phosphatidylcholine, has been described. Each step is simple to perform and gives the desired products in high yield. Also, some of the intermediates formed during the synthesis have been efficiently utilized to prepare 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-oleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-O-hexadecyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphochloine and 3-O-hexadecyl-2-oeloyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine. These phosphatidylcholine (PC) analogs are useful for studying the possible role of phospholipases in the capture and lyses of liposomes in vivo. 相似文献
8.
V Ramaswami R C Haaseth T O Matsunaga V J Hruby D F O'Brien 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1992,1109(2):195-202
The interaction of the delta-opioid receptor selective peptides, cyclic [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin [DPDPE] and its acyclic analog, DPDPE(SH)2, with neutral phospholipid bilayer membranes was examined by permeability and calorimetry measurements. The permeabilities were accomplished by entrapping either peptide inside of unilamellar liposomes (composed of a mixture of a molar ratio 65:25:10 phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterol) then monitoring the peptide efflux through the bilayer. The initial permeability of DPDPE (first 12 h) averaged over four experiments was (0.91 +/- 0.47).10(-12) cm s-1. In contrast the average permeability of the acylic DPDPE(SH)2 was (4.26 +/- 0.23).10(-12) cm s-1. The effect of these peptides on the phase transition, Tm, of 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers was examined by high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. The Tm, the calorimetric enthalpy, and the van 't Hoff enthalpy of DPPC were not significantly altered by the presence of DPDPE, whereas the calorimetric data for DPPC with DPDPE(SH)2 showed a small, yet significant, increase (0.2 degrees C) in the Tm with a 30% decrease in the cooperative unit. Both the permeability and calorimetry data reveal a stronger peptide-membrane interaction in the case of the more flexible acyclic peptide. 相似文献
9.
10.
Effects of SO2, aqueous fluoride (NaF) and a solution of nitrogen compounds (NH4NO3) on the visible symptoms, pollutant accumulation and ultrastructure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings were studied in an open-air experiment lasting for 3 consecutive years. Visible injury symptoms were
most pronounced in combination exposures and whenever F was applied. Visible symptoms correlated well with needle pollutant
concentrations. Exposure to NaF increased needle F contents particularly when F was applied with SO2 or NH4NO3. This suggests that a reduction in N or SO2 emissions, in F polluted areas, could improve the condition of conifers via decreased accumulation of phytotoxic F in the
needles. Norway spruce needles accumulated 2 – 10 times as much S and F as those of Scots pine. Microscopic observations showed
various changes in the needle mesophyll cell ultrastructure. In both species, exposure to SO2 increased significantly the amount of cytoplasmic vacuoles, suggesting detoxification of excess sulphate or low pH. F treatments
resulted in a significant enlargement of plastoglobuli in Scots pine and a darkening of plastoglobuli in Norway spruce. All
exposures enhanced the accumulation of lipid bodies. An increased portion of translucent plastoglobuli was most pronounced
in N treatments. Many of the ultrastructural changes and visible symptoms appeared only as number of years exposed increased,
indicating that long-term experiments are needed. Both visible symptoms and ultrastructural changes pointed to the more pronounced
sensitivity of Norway spruce compared to Scots pine. Ultrastructural results mostly supported earlier qualitative observations
of F, N and SO2 effects on needle mesophyll cell ultrastructure. However, no reduction of thylakoids in SO2 containing exposure or curling of thylakoids in F exposure could be detected in the present study.
Received: 5 December 1994 / Accepted: 28 April 1995 相似文献