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1.
Abstract A karyological analysis carried out in Scilla hyacinthoides L. and Scilla amoena L. on material collected in the Botanical Garden of Cagliari (Sardinia), has shown the presence of heterozygous karyotypes in the two species. The chromosome number of S. hyacinthoides was found to be 2n = 20, while the chromosome number of S. amoena was 2n = 12, in accordance with the data found in the literature. Both the observed karyotypes show clear structural alterations, especially evident in one pair of clearly heteromorphic chromosomes. The analysis of the karyotypes seem to exclude a hybrid origin of the material examined and it is probable that such karyotypes may be the result of various structural re-arrangements, still evolving and aiming at a cytogenetic stabilization of the genus Scilla. 相似文献
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Human urine obtained from separating toilets was tested as a fertiliser for cultivation of outdoor cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in a Nordic climate. The urine used contained high amounts of nitrogen with some phosphorus and potassium, but numbers of enteric microorganisms were low even though urine had not been preserved before sampling. The cucumber yield after urine fertilisation was similar or slightly better than the yield obtained from control rows fertilised with commercial mineral fertiliser. None of the cucumbers contained any enteric microorganisms (coliforms, enterococci, coliphages and clostridia). In the taste assessment, 11 out of 20 persons could recognise which cucumber of three cucumbers was different but they did not prefer one over the other cucumber samples, since all of them were assessed as equally good. 相似文献
3.
The truncated NLR protein TIR‐NBS13 is a MOS6/IMPORTIN‐α3 interaction partner required for plant immunity
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Melanie Klenke Annalena Quathamer Oliver Valerius Gerhard H. Braus Marcel Wiermer 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2017,92(5):808-821
Importin‐α proteins mediate the translocation of nuclear localization signal (NLS)‐containing proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Genetically, Arabidopsis IMPORTIN‐α3/MOS6 (MODIFIER OF SNC1, 6) is required for basal plant immunity and constitutive disease resistance activated in the autoimmune mutant snc1 (suppressor of npr1‐1, constitutive 1), suggesting that MOS6 plays a role in the nuclear import of proteins involved in plant defense signaling. Here, we sought to identify and characterize defense‐regulatory cargo proteins and interaction partners of MOS6. We conducted both in silico database analyses and affinity purification of functional epitope‐tagged MOS6 from pathogen‐challenged stable transgenic plants coupled with mass spectrometry. We show that among the 13 candidate MOS6 interactors we selected for further functional characterization, the TIR‐NBS‐type protein TN13 is required for resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 lacking the type‐III effector proteins AvrPto and AvrPtoB. When expressed transiently in N. benthamiana leaves, TN13 co‐immunoprecipitates with MOS6, but not with its closest homolog IMPORTIN‐α6, and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), consistent with a predicted N‐terminal transmembrane domain in TN13. Our work uncovered the truncated NLR protein TN13 as a component of plant innate immunity that selectively binds to MOS6/IMPORTIN‐α3 in planta. We speculate that the release of TN13 from the ER membrane in response to pathogen stimulus, and its subsequent nuclear translocation, is important for plant defense signal transduction. 相似文献
4.
Constantin Rüder Tobias Haase Annalena Krost Nicole Langwieser Jan Peter Stefanie Kamann Dietlind Zohlnh?fer 《PloS one》2014,9(8)
Aims
Several studies suggest that circulating bone marrow derived stem cells promote the regeneration of ischemic tissues. For hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combinatorial granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)/Plerixafor (AMD3100) administration was shown to enhance mobilization of bone marrow derived stem cells compared to G-CSF monotherapy. Here we tested the hypothesis whether combinatorial G-CSF/AMD3100 therapy has beneficial effects in cardiac recovery in a mouse model of myocardial infarction.Methods
We analyzed the effect of single G-CSF (250 µg/kg/day) and combinatorial G-CSF/AMD3100 (100 µg/kg/day) treatment on cardiac morphology, vascularization, and hemodynamics 28 days after permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). G-CSF treatment started directly after induction of myocardial infarction (MI) for 3 consecutive days followed by a single AMD3100 application on day three after MI in the G-CSF/AMD3100 group. Cell mobilization was assessed by flow cytometry of blood samples drawn from tail vein on day 0, 7, and 14.Results
Peripheral blood analysis 7 days after MI showed enhanced mobilization of white blood cells (WBC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) upon G-CSF and combinatorial G-CSF/AMD3100 treatment. However, single or combinatorial treatment showed no improvement in survival, left ventricular function, and infarction size compared to the saline treated control group 28 days after MI. Furthermore, no differences in histology and vascularization of infarcted hearts could be observed.Conclusion
Although the implemented treatment regimen caused no adverse effects, our data show that combinatorial G-CSF/AMD therapy does not promote myocardial regeneration after permanent LAD occlusion. 相似文献5.
Carina Wagner Victoria Hois Annalena Eggeling Lisa-Maria Pusch Laura Pajed Patrick Starlinger Thierry Claudel Michael Trauner Robert Zimmermann Ulrike Taschler Achim Lass 《Journal of lipid research》2022,63(3):100173
Large quantities of vitamin A are stored as retinyl esters (REs) in specialized liver cells, the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). To date, the enzymes controlling RE degradation in HSCs are poorly understood. In this study, we identified KIAA1363 (also annotated as arylacetamide deacetylase 1 or neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1) as a novel RE hydrolase. We show that KIAA1363 is expressed in the liver, mainly in HSCs, and exhibits RE hydrolase activity at neutral pH. Accordingly, addition of the KIAA1363-specific inhibitor JW480 largely reduced RE hydrolase activity in lysates of cultured murine and human HSCs. Furthermore, cell fractionation experiments and confocal microscopy studies showed that KIAA1363 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. We demonstrate that overexpression of KIAA1363 in cells led to lower cellular RE content after a retinol loading period. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition or shRNA-mediated silencing of KIAA1363 expression in cultured murine and human HSCs attenuated RE degradation. Together, our data suggest that KIAA1363 affects vitamin A metabolism of HSCs by hydrolyzing REs at the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby counteracting retinol esterification and RE storage in lipid droplets. 相似文献
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7.
Rhee EG Blattman JN Kasturi SP Kelley RP Kaufman DR Lynch DM La Porte A Simmons NL Clark SL Pulendran B Greenberg PD Barouch DH 《Journal of virology》2011,85(1):315-323
The innate immune pathways that contribute to the potent immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vaccine vectors remain largely undefined. Previous studies assessing innate immunity triggered by vaccine vectors have largely focused on in vitro studies involving antigen-presenting cells and on early in vivo inflammatory responses. Here, we systematically explore the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling requirements for the generation of cellular immune responses by intramuscular immunization with common and alternative serotype rAd vectors in mice. Antigen-specific CD8(+) T-lymphocyte responses elicited by these rAd vectors were significantly diminished in MyD88(-/-) mice but not in TRIF(-/-) or TLR3(-/-) mice, suggesting the importance of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling. However, the absence of each individual TLR resulted in minimal to no effect on vaccine-elicited cellular immune responses. Moreover, responses were not diminished in IL-1R(-/-) or IL-18R(-/-) mice. These data suggest that rAd vectors engage multiple MyD88-dependent signaling pathways, none of which are individually critical; rather, they are integrated to contribute to the potent immunogenicity of rAd vectors. Stimulation of multiple innate immune mechanisms may prove a generalizable property of potent vaccines, and this strategy could be harnessed in the development of next-generation vaccine vectors and adjuvants. 相似文献
8.
Expression of arthropod distal limb-patterning genes in the onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis
Marta Bastos Oliveira Simon Eckerström Liedholm Jordi Estefa Lopez Annalena A. Lochte Magdalena Pazio Jesus Pena Martin Patrik Rödin Mörch Seela Salakka Julia York Andrew Yoshimoto Ralf Janssen 《Development genes and evolution》2014,224(2):87-96
A current hypothesis states that the ancestral limb of arthropods is composed of only two segments. The proximal segment represents the main part of the modern leg, and the distal segment represents the tarsus and claw of the modern leg. If the distal part of the limb is an ancestral feature, one would expect conserved regulatory gene networks acting in distal limb development in all arthropods and possibly even their sister group, the onychophorans. We investigated the expression patterns of six genes known to function during insect distal limb development in the onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis, i.e., clawless (cll), aristaless (al), spineless (ss), zinc finger homeodomain 2 (zfh2), rotund (rn), and Lim1. We find that all investigated genes are expressed in at least some of the onychophoran limbs. The expression patterns of most of these genes, however, display crucial differences to the known insect patterns. The results of this study question the hypothesis of conserved distal limb evolution in arthropods and highlight the need for further studies on arthropod limb development. 相似文献
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10.
Protective Efficacy of a Single Immunization of a Chimeric Adenovirus Vector-Based Vaccine against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge in Rhesus Monkeys
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Dan H. Barouch Jinyan Liu Diana M. Lynch Kara L. O'Brien Annalena La Porte Nathaniel L. Simmons Ambryice M. Riggs Sarah Clark Peter Abbink David C. Montefiori Gary Landucci Donald N. Forthal Steven G. Self Angela Carville Keith Mansfield Jaap Goudsmit 《Journal of virology》2009,83(18):9584-9590
Rare serotype and chimeric recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vectors that evade anti-Ad5 immunity are currently being evaluated as potential vaccine vectors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other pathogens. We have recently reported that a heterologous rAd prime-boost regimen expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag afforded durable partial immune control of an SIV challenge in rhesus monkeys. However, single-shot immunization may ultimately be preferable for global vaccine delivery. We therefore evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a single immunization of chimeric rAd5 hexon hypervariable region 48 (rAd5HVR48) vectors expressing SIV Gag, Pol, Nef, and Env against a homologous SIV challenge in rhesus monkeys. Inclusion of Env resulted in improved control of peak and set point SIV RNA levels following challenge. In contrast, DNA vaccine priming did not further improve the protective efficacy of rAd5HVR48 vectors in this system.Heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens have proven substantially more immunogenic than single vector immunizations in a variety of experimental models, but a single-shot vaccine would presumably be ideal for eventual global delivery. The potential utility of single-shot vaccines against pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenges in rhesus monkeys has not been well characterized. We therefore evaluated the protective efficacy of a single immunization of recombinant chimeric adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) hexon hypervariable region 48 (rAd5HVR48) vectors (15) expressing SIV Gag, Pol, Nef, and Env against a pathogenic SIV challenge in rhesus monkeys. These vectors contain the HVRs of the rare Ad48 serotype and have been shown to evade dominant Ad5 hexon-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) (15). We also assessed the potential utility of inclusion of Env as an immunogen (6, 7, 17) and the degree to which DNA vaccine priming would enhance the protective efficacy afforded by a single rAd5HVR48 immunization (2, 7, 18, 21).Thirty adult rhesus monkeys (n = 6/group) lacking the Mamu-A*01, Mamu-B*17, and Mamu-B*08 class I alleles were primed with plasmid DNA vaccines and boosted with rAd5HVR48 vectors as follows: (1) adjuvanted DNA prime, rAd5HVR48 boost; (2) DNA prime, rAd5HVR48 boost; (3) rAd5HVR48 alone; (4) rAd5HVR48 alone (excluding Env); and (5) sham controls. Monkeys in groups 1 to 3 received vectors expressing SIVmac239 Gag, Pol, Nef, and Env, whereas monkeys in group 4 received vectors expressing only Gag, Pol, and Nef. The DNA vaccine adjuvants in group 1 were plasmids expressing the rhesus chemokine MIP-1α and Flt3L, which have been shown to increase recruitment of dendritic cells and to improve DNA vaccine immunogenicity (20). Monkeys were primed intramuscularly with a total dose of 4 mg of DNA vaccines at weeks 0, 4, and 8. All animals then received a single intramuscular immunization of 4 × 1010 viral particles (vp) of rAd5HVR48 at week 24. At week 52, animals were challenged intravenously (i.v.) with 100 monkey infectious doses of SIVmac251 (7, 10). 相似文献