全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3245篇 |
免费 | 275篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 38篇 |
2021年 | 70篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 56篇 |
2018年 | 62篇 |
2017年 | 50篇 |
2016年 | 114篇 |
2015年 | 180篇 |
2014年 | 220篇 |
2013年 | 254篇 |
2012年 | 340篇 |
2011年 | 264篇 |
2010年 | 208篇 |
2009年 | 138篇 |
2008年 | 215篇 |
2007年 | 200篇 |
2006年 | 169篇 |
2005年 | 165篇 |
2004年 | 148篇 |
2003年 | 130篇 |
2002年 | 136篇 |
2001年 | 40篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3520条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Hydrobiologia - To observe effects on the phosphorus retention mechanisms of a lake after re-colonisation by macrophytes, Potamogeton crispus L. and Elodea canadensis Michx. were planted in lab... 相似文献
2.
Mechanics and modeling of plant cell growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
3.
Frank Josef Mller Oliver Zierau Torsten Hertrampf Anja Bliedtner Patrick Diel Günter Vollmer 《The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology》2009,113(3-5):296-303
Isoflavones (ISOs) are bioactive food ingredients of the traditional East Asian diet and currently discussed as alternatives to classical hormone replacement therapies and for reducing the prevalence of hormone-dependent cancers. Although there are many studies on ISOs, not much is known about their long-term effects.Therefore, we performed an animal experiment analyzing the effects of three different diets: a phytoestrogen-free diet, a diet supplemented with genistein (700 μg/g diet) and an ISO-high diet (232 μg daidzein and 240 μg genistein/g) at two distinct time points, juvenile (21 days) and adult (97 days). Exposure started prior to mating of the parents and throughout the life of the offspring.We observed a stronger increase of uterine wet weights in juvenile offspring with genistein exposure (1018 ± 350 mg/kg BW) than with ISO-high diet (497 ± 133 mg/kg BW). Whereas the expression of proliferation related genes (PCNA; Ki67; IGF-1; IGF-1R), analyzed by real-time-qPCR and Western blot, were significantly down-regulated in juvenile animals exposed to genistein. Additionally, genistein exposure led to estrogenic responses, observed upon increase of complement C3 and decrease of estrogen receptors gene expressions, while the exposure to ISO-high diet did not show these effects.In conclusion, both the time point on which phytoestrogen exposure starts together with the composition of the ingested phytoestrogen containing diet are of great importance for the biological response of the offspring. 相似文献
4.
5.
Satish K. Srivastava Naseem H. Ansari Siqi Liu Anja Izban Ballabh Das Gabor Szabo Aruni Bhatnagar 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1989,91(1-2):149-157
During the reductive process in the tissues, the aerobes generate a number of oxidants. Unless these oxidants are reduced, oxidative damage and cell death would occur. Oxidation of plasma membrane lipids leads to autocatalytic chain reactions which eventually alter the permeability of the cell. The role of oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications and ischemic reperfusion injury of myocardium, especially the changes in the channel activity which may lead to arrhythmia have been studied. Hyperglycemia activates aldose reductase which could efficiently reduce glucose to sorbitol in the presence of NADPH. Since NADPH is also aldose required by glutathione reductase for reducing oxidants, its diversion would lead to membrane lipid oxidation and permeability changes which are probably responsible for diabetic complications such as cataractogenesis, retinopathy, neuropathy etc. Antioxidants such as butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and also reductase inhibitors prevent or delay some of these complications. By using patch-clamp technique in isolated frog myocytes, we have shown that hydroxy radicals generated by ferrous sulfate and ascorbate as well as lipid peroxides such as t-butyl hydroperoxide facilitate the entry of Na+ by oxidizing Na+-channels. Increased intracellular Na+ leads to an increase in Na+/Ca2+ exchange. The increased Na+ concentration by itself may produce electrical disturbance which would result in arrhythmia. Increased Ca2+ may affect proteases and may help in the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase, consequently increased production of super oxide radicals. Increased membrane lipid peroxidation and other oxygen free-radical associated membrane damage in myocytes has been demonstrated. 相似文献
6.
Senescence-induced alteration in cell surface carbohydrates correlated using proton NMR spectroscopy and a lectin-based affinity-binding assay 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Changes in the cell surface oligosaccharides in human fetal lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) are studied as the cells progress to senescence using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and a biochemical assay. A lectin-based affinity-binding technique is used which measures the organization of carbohydrates on the cell surface. Proton NMR studies of the water in samples of frozen cell suspensions of young and old cells provide information on the local dynamics of the cell surface by monitoring the motion of bound water. Changes in the lectin binding density and affinity class distribution correlate with a decrease in the water proton linewidth in frozen cells. These observations reflect alterations in the conformation or structure of the cell surface oligosaccharides and local constituent water. 相似文献
7.
Generation of nitric oxide by human neutrophils 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
C D Wright A Mülsch R Busse H Osswald 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1989,160(2):813-819
Human neutrophils were evaluated for their ability to generate nitric oxide. Neutrophils incubated with superoxide dismutase at 37 degrees C produce nitrite anion at a rate of 1.8 nmols/2 x 10(6) cells/30 min, providing indirect evidence of nitric oxide production. Incubation of the neutrophils with concentrations of serum-opsonized zymosan, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, or phorbol myristate acetate sufficient to stimulate the respiratory burst and lysosomal enzyme release caused no additional nitrite anion production. Glass wool-adherent neutrophils exhibited a similar dissociation of nitrite anion production from the respiratory burst and lysosomal enzyme release. Direct evidence for nitric oxide production was also obtained using nitric oxide-specific chemiluminescence. These results demonstrate that human neutrophils are capable of generating nitric oxide. 相似文献
8.
Nico K. Goosen Anja M. C. Horemans Silvia J. W. Hillebrand Claudius K. Stumm Godfried D. Vogels 《Archives of microbiology》1988,150(2):165-170
The sapropelic ciliate Plagiopyla nasuta was isolated and cultured in monoculture. Optimal conditions for growth were: 15–20°C, pH about 7, and about 2% of oxygen in the headspace. Cultures of P. nasuta produced methane. Epifluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of methanogenic bacteria as endosymbionts. An endosymbiont of the ciliate was isolated and identified as Methanobacterium formicicum. In the ciliate cell these methanogens were found to be closely associated with microbody-like organelles. No mitochondria could be detected. 相似文献
9.
Elisa Garcia Anja M. Hamers Hans E. N. Bergmans Bernard A. M. van der Zeijst Dr. Wim Gaastra 《Current microbiology》1988,17(6):333-337
Escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infections in dogs produce fimbriae composed of fimbrial subunits closely related to the F12 and F13 fimbriae of human uropathogenic strains [4]. The adhesins carried by the fimbriae of human and canine isolates differ, however, as concluded from a different hemagglutination pattern and from the fact that the dog strains do not agglutinate latex beads coated with P-fimbriae receptor. This possible difference in adhesive specificity was confirmed by experiments in which the adhesion of human and dog isolates to dog kidney epithelial cells (MDCK cells) and human bladder epithelial cells (T24 cells) was compared. Dog uropathogenic strains, in contrast to human uropathogenicE. coli strains, adhere to MDCK cells but hardly to T24 cells. Adhesion to MDCK cells correlates with the presence of F12 or F13 fimbriae on the dog strains. These results suggest that homologous fimbrial subunits can carry different adhesin molecules and that these adhesin molecules can be responsible for species-specific adherence. On the contrary, adhesion of a number of dog uropathogenicProteus mirabilis strains to MDCK and T24 cells was not species specific; it depended on the mere presence of fimbriae. 相似文献
10.
A procedure has been developed for freeze-preservation of buds of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Instead of liquid nitrogen, cold storage in –80°C was used. The partly dormant material used in the experiments was obtained directly from a natural stand in Northern Finland and no prefreezing or cryoprotectants for preconditioning were used. Cooling velocity was 1°C/min up to a terminal freezing temperature of –39°C, after which the buds were immersed in liquid nitrogen at –196°C for 10 minutes. The material was then transferred to a deepfreezer at –80°C and stored up to 6 months. After rapid thawing, the buds were sterilized and their viability was tested by FDA staining and by culturing meristems on 1/2 MS medium for at least two weeks. All the freezing experiments were performed during March and April. The best survival of buds (90–100%) was achieved at the beginning of April, after which a pronounced decline in survival occurred obviously due to a rise in the water content of the buds. 相似文献