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It is of interest to evaluate the frequency of premolar extractions during orthodontic treatment in patients reporting to the Saveetha dental hospital in Chennai from 2019-2020. We used the records from 987 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment from June 2019 to March 2020 in a dental hospital for this analysis. Digital case records of patients who underwent therapeutic extractions of premolars were isolated. A sample dataset of 340 case records were selected for this study. Data shows that 34.4% of subjects underwent premolar extractions amongst a total of 987 subjects who underwent orthodontic treatment. 89.4% of patients were Angle''s Class I malocclusion patients, and the rest were Class II patients. However, no premolar extractions were done in Class III patients. Data also shows that 67.1% of subjects underwent all 4 first premolar extractions and 13.2% underwent only upper first premolar extractions. Thus, a significant association was found between Type of Malocclusion and the Type of premolar extractions with p < 0.05. Moreover, only 34.4% of patients underwent premolar extractions and the majority of them underwent all 4 first premolar extractions. 相似文献
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Abstract Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD‐PCR) is a fast and easy way of identifying DNA polymorphisms generated from several regions of the genome. This could expedite the process of identifying informative polymorphic markers that may be linked to important genes controlling economic traits. In cattle, failure to obtain consistent amplification patterns in RAPD‐PCR has been a cause for concern. This has been attributed to the fact that decamer primers that are used in RAPD‐PCR reactions are likely to amplify regions of DNA where the primer‐template base pairing has some degree of mismatch and that these mismatches fail to repeat from reaction to reaction. This paper describes the use of tricine buffer along with changes in reaction components and thermal cycling conditions that has yielded consistent and reproducible RAPD‐PCR amplifications using single primers and double primer combinations on bovine DNA. 相似文献
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Basrur PK Koykul W Baguma-Nibasheka M King WA Ambady S Ponce de León FA 《Molecular reproduction and development》2001,59(1):67-77
Testicular activity and semen characteristics of bulls carrying an X-autosome translocation t(Xp +;23q-) revealed all stages of spermatogenesis although their semen consisted of few and, exclusively, of malformed spermatozoa. Chromosome painting on metaphase spreads of their mother and synaptonemal complex analysis on these and normal bulls were carried out to test whether the location and meiotic pairing behaviour of the rearranged segments could have contributed to the sperm head malformation and oligospermia in our X-autosome translocation (X-AT) carrier bulls. Spermatocytes of X-AT carriers displayed the rearranged chromosomes in a univalent-trivalent association, with 23q- always remaining as a univalent and Xp + in synapsis with normal chromosome 23 and the Y chromosome. Chromosome painting studies to test whether the total absence of meiocytes showing a quadrivalent is due to the non-reciprocal nature of this translocation, identified Xp sequence homology with the distal end of 23q- confirming its relocation to the terminal segment of 23q-. Our synaptonemal complex analyses also confirmed that the bovine pseudo-autosomal region (PAR) is at the distal ends of Xq and Yp and further revealed that over 85% of spermatocytes of X-AT carriers (and up to 13% of spermatocytes of normal bulls) sustain a Y-axis break adjacent to the PAR. Although the exact cause of a Y-axis break in bovine spermatocytes is not known at present, we believe that the break and possible loss of Yq in such high proportions of spermatocytes of X-AT carriers could have contributed to the sperm head malformation and oligospermia in our X-AT carrier bulls. 相似文献
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Chowdhury F Rahman MA Begum YA Khan AI Faruque AS Saha NC Baby NI Malek MA Kumar AR Svennerholm AM Pietroni M Cravioto A Qadri F 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2011,5(4):e999
Background
In Bangladesh, increases in cholera epidemics are being documented with a greater incidence and severity. The aim of this prospective study was to identify the prevalence and importance of V. cholerae O1 and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) as causal agents of severe diarrhea in a high diarrhea prone urban area in Dhaka city.Methodology
Systematic surveillance was carried out on all diarrheal patients admitted from Mirpur between March 2008 to February 2010 at the ICDDR, B hospital. Stool or rectal swabs were collected from every third diarrheal patient for microbiological evaluation.Principal Findings
Of diarrheal patients attending the hospital from Mirpur, 41% suffered from severe dehydration with 39% requiring intravenous rehydration therapy. More diarrheal patients were above five years of age (64%) than those below five years of age (36%). About 60% of the patients above five years of age had severe dehydration compared with only 9% of patients under five years of age. The most prevalent pathogen isolated was Vibrio cholerae O1 (23%) followed by ETEC (11%). About 8% of cholera infection was seen in infants with the youngest children being one month of age while in the case of ETEC the rate was 11%. Of the isolated ETEC strains, the enterotoxin type were almost equally distributed; ST accounted for 31% of strains; LT/ST for 38% and LT for 31%.Conclusion
V. cholerae O1 is the major bacterial pathogen and a cause of severe cholera disease in 23% of patients from Mirpur. This represents a socioeconomic group that best reflects the major areas of high cholera burden in the country. Vaccines that can target such high risk groups in the country and the region will hopefully be able to reduce the disease morbidity and the transmission of pathogens that impact the life and health of people. 相似文献6.
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Chad D. Touchberry Anisha A. Gupte Gregory L. Bomhoff Zachary A. Graham Paige C. Geiger Philip M. Gallagher 《Cell stress & chaperones》2012,17(6):693-705
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are chaperones that are known to have important roles in facilitating protein synthesis, protein assembly and cellular protection. While HSPs are known to be induced by damaging exercise, little is known about how HSPs actually mediate skeletal muscle adaption to exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a heat shock pretreatment and the ensuing increase in HSP expression on early remodeling and signaling (2 and 48 h) events of the soleus (Sol) muscle following a bout of downhill running. Male Wistar rats (10 weeks old) were randomly assigned to control, eccentric exercise (EE; downhill running) or heat shock + eccentric exercise (HS; 41°C for 20 min, 48 h prior to exercise) groups. Markers of muscle damage, muscle regeneration and intracellular signaling were assessed. The phosphorylation (p) of HSP25, Akt, p70s6k, ERK1/2 and JNK proteins was also performed. As expected, following exercise the EE group had increased creatine kinase (CK; 2 h) and mononuclear cell infiltration (48 h) compared to controls. The EE group had an increase in p-HSP25, but there was no change in HSP72 expression, total protein concentration, or neonatal MHC content. Additionally, the EE group had increased p-p70s6k, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK (2 h) compared to controls; however no changes in p-Akt were seen. In contrast, the HS group had reduced CK (2 h) and mononuclear cell infiltration (48 h) compared to EE. Moreover, the HS group had increased HSP72 content (2 and 48 h), total protein concentration (48 h), neonatal MHC content (2 and 48 h), p-HSP25 and p-p70s6k (2 h). Lastly, the HS group had reduced p-Akt (48 h) and p-ERK1/2 (2 h). These data suggest that heat shock pretreatment and/or the ensuing HSP72 response may protect against muscle damage, and enhance increases in total protein and neonatal MHC content following exercise. These changes appear to be independent of Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. 相似文献
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Hydrolysis of pectin: an enzymatic approach and its application in banana fiber processing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sediment samples were collected from different estuarine and marine areas along the West coast of India. Eighteen actinomycete cultures were isolated using starch casein agar and were screened for polygalacturonase activity by growing them on pectin-agar plates. Clear zones were visualized using 1% cetrimide. Out of the 18 strains screened ten cultures could effect hydrolysis of pectin. The above cultures were subjected to secondary screening under submerged fermentation. The actinomycete strain of Streptomyces lydicus was found to be a potent producer of polygalacturonase. Different growth media were screened for enzyme production and the best medium was selected for further studies. The crude enzyme was used for the treatment of raw banana fibers. 相似文献
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Streptomyces griseoloalbus was immobilized in calcium alginate gel and the optimal immobilization parameters (concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium chloride, initial biomass and curing time) for the enhanced production of alpha-galactosidase were determined. The immobilization was most effective with 3% sodium alginate and 0.1M calcium chloride. The optimal initial biomass for immobilization was approximately 2.2g (wet wt.). The alginate-entrapped cells were advantageous because there was a twofold increase in the enzyme yield (55 U/ml) compared to the highest yield obtained with free cells (23.6 U/ml). Moreover, with immobilized cells the maximum yield was reached after 72 h of incubation in batch fermentation under optimal conditions, whereas in the case of free cells the maximum enzyme yield was obtained only after 96 h of incubation. The alginate beads had good stability and also retained 75% ability of enzyme production even after eight cycles of repeated batch fermentation. It is significant that this is the first report on whole-cell immobilization for alpha-galactosidase production. 相似文献
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Plasmonics - A novel approach for the detection of sulfamethaxazole (SMX) based on fibre optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed for 0... 相似文献