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1.
Satratoxins H and G, verrucarin J, and roridin E were isolated from the bedding straw of 200 sport horses exhibiting typical symptoms of stachybotryo-toxicosis. At the same time, the oat feed consumed by the horses contained non-macrocyclicFusarium trichothecenes: T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol. 相似文献
2.
Heymann antibodies induce complement-dependent injury of rat glomerular visceral epithelial cells 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
G Camussi G Salvidio G Biesecker J Brentjens G Andres 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1987,139(9):2906-2914
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro role of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) in the injury induced by nephritogenic anti-brush border vesicle (Fx1A) antibodies on rat glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GEC). Both sheep and rabbit anti-rat brush border vesicle IgG-induced complement-dependent lysis of cultured GEC. Fab fragments of sheep anti-rat brush border vesicles and polyclonal or monoclonal gp330 IgG were devoid of lytic activity. Shedding of cell-surface antigens induced by sheep or rabbit anti-rat brush border vesicle IgG protected GEC from subsequent exposure to lytic antibodies and complement, an effect that was not obtained with Fab fragments. When GEC were incubated with sheep or rabbit anti-rat brush border vesicle IgG in capping conditions, the C3 component was co-redistributed with Heymann immune complexes; in contrast, the MAC remained diffusely bound to the cell surface, indicating that it was not associated with the antigen-antibody complexes. The MAC was demonstrated on the surface of GEC by immunofluorescence staining with anti-MAC neoantigen and by electron microscopy of negatively stained membranes showing focal clusters of 110 A MAC lesions. When GEC were treated with sheep IgG or rabbit IgG plus C6-deficient sera, the cells were not lysed and MAC was not demonstrable on the surface; however, lytic activity was restored when C6-deficient sera were reconstituted with purified C6. The results are consistent with the interpretation that injury induced by Heymann antibodies on GEC is MAC-dependent. 相似文献
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4.
The infection of cucumber leaves by Colletotrichum lagenarium was studied using cytological methods. Its progress in untreated plants was compared with that in plants in which systemic resistance had been induced by pre-infecting the first true leaf with the same fungus. In induced plants, a reduction of fungal development was observed at the leaf surface, in the epidermis, and in the mesophyll. On the leaf surface, formation of appressoria was slightly reduced. In the epidermis, enhanced formation of papillae beneath appressoria, and possibly increased lignification of entire cells, correlated with reduced development of infection hyphae. Papillae contained callose, identified by staining with aniline-blue fluorochrome and digestion with -1,3-glucanase, as a main structural component. In the mesophyll, reduced fungal development provided evidence for the existence of an additional induced defence reaction. The results imply that preinfection elicited a systemic, multicomponent defence reaction of the host plant against the fungus.Dedicated to the memory of Professor H. Grisebach 相似文献
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6.
One of the most crucial steps for the successful construction of a biosensor is the appropriate and reproducible coupling of the biological part (e.g. enzyme, antibody) to the inorganic moiety of the device (e.g. electrode, microchip). In this paper three methods of immobilization of avidin to a glassy carbon electrode are described. Depending on the type of immobilization, avidin may lose its biological activity as determined by an enzyme immunoassay, using biotinylated reagents. If avidin is covalently bound to the glassy carbon electrode via the bridge molecule 4.4'-diaminodiphenylamine, the biological activity is retained. About 1.5 pmol of avidin can be bound to the electrode (3 mm in diameter), resulting in a nearly complete monolayer of protein. 相似文献
7.
Evidence for the presence of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in bovine brain coated vesicles 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Evidence obtained from quinuclidinylbenzilate binding determinations suggested that muscarinic acetylcholine receptor molecules are present in purified bovine brain coated vesicles. Immunoprecipitates formed from coated vesicles with polyclonal antibodies to clathrin bound on the surface of fixed Staphylococcus aureus cells also showed quinuclidinylbenzilate binding activity. The high purity of coated vesicles was established by assays for biochemical markers and by electron microscopy. Muscarinic receptor sites for quinuclidinylbenzilate binding to coated vesicles displayed a Kd of 25 pM and a Bmax of about 191 fmol/mg of protein. Binding competition experiments using atropine, N-methylscopolamine, oxotremorine, and carbamylcholine confirmed the typical muscarinic nature of the binding site. Ranking order of potency for the receptors was: atropine greater than N-methylscopolamine greater than oxotremorine greater than carbachol Analysis of data using a two-site model revealed 13% high-affinity sites for oxotremorine, 66% high-affinity sites for carbachol, and 62% for the antagonist N-methylscopolamine. Heterogeneity of binding affinities for muscarinic drugs detected in the coated vesicles may be related to the presence of coated vesicle subpopulations in brain tissue, (Kohtz, D. S., Kohtz, J. D., Schook, W. J., and Puszkin, S. (1985) J. Cell Biol. 101, 48a; Pfeffer, S. R., and Kelly, R. B. (1985) Cell 40, 949-957). 相似文献
8.
Karl Hermann Andres 《Cell and tissue research》1964,64(1):63-73
Zusammenfassung An durch Perfusion mit Glutaraldehyd fixierten Rattengehirnen wurde das Erscheinungsbild der Mikropinozytose in Elementen der Meso- und Neuroglia sowie an den Perikarya und synaptischen Endformationen der Nervenzellen elektronenmikroskopisch dargestellt.Die bei der Mikropinozytose von der Zellmembran invaginierten Caveolen und Tubuli können einfache Verzweigungen zeigen. Ihre Oberfläche und die der mikropinozytotischen Bläschen zeigen an der gegen das Zytoplasma gerichteten Membranseite einen Stachelsaum. Diese Membrandifferenzierung dürfte mit der Resorption besonderer, zum Teil makromolekularer Substanzen zusammenhängen.Im Bereich großer Synapsen, z.B. in den Moosfasertelodendren der Glomerula cerebellaria oder in der Zona glomerulosa des Bulbus olfactorius sind mikropinozytotische Invaginationen und Bläschen sehr häufig. Möglicherweise übernehmen sie von den postsynaptischen Dendriten, die dünne Zytoplasmaprotrusionen in die Invaginationen hineinsenden, Stoffe. Es wird vermutet, daß es sich hierbei um inaktivierte Transmittersubstanz handelt, die auf diesem Wege dem präsynaptischen Abschnitt wieder zugeführt wird. Die zurückresorbierten Abbauprodukte der Transmittersubstanz werden in einem präsynaptischen Golgi-Komplex resynthetisiert und in synaptischen Bläschen angereichert. Dieses morphologische Bild ergänzt die biochemische Hypothese eines Acetylcholin-Kreislaufes im Bereich von Nervenendigungen.Entsprechende mikropinozytotische Erscheinungen wurden in caudalen Abdominalganglien von Leucophaea maderae beobachtet. Es wird angenommen, daß die Mikropinozytose ein allgemein verbreiteter Resorptionsmechanismus im Zentralnervensystem ist.Herrn Prof. Dr. F. Wassermann zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet.Mit dankenswerter Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献
9.
Germ-Line Mutations in the von Hippel–Lindau Tumor-Suppressor Gene Are Similar to Somatic von Hippel–Lindau Aberrations in Sporadic Renal Cell Carcinoma
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Jean M. Whaley Joseph Naglich Lawrence Gelbert Y. Edward Hsia James M. Lamiell Jane S. Green Debra Collins Hartmut P. H. Neumann Jana Laidlaw Fred P. Li Andres J. P. Klein-Szanto Bernd R. Seizinger Nikolai Kley 《American journal of human genetics》1994,55(6):1092-1102
von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease is a hereditary tumor syndrome predisposing to multifocal bilateral renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), pheochromocytomas, and pancreatic tumors, as well as angiomas and hemangioblastomas of the CNS. A candidate gene for VHL was recently identified, which led to the isolation of a partial cDNA clone with extended open reading frame, without significant homology to known genes or obvious functional motifs, except for an acidic pentamer repeat domain. To further characterize the functional domains of the VHL gene and assess its involvement in hereditary and nonhereditary tumors, we performed mutation analyses and studied its expression in normal and tumor tissue. We identified germ-line mutations in 39% of VHL disease families. Moreover, 33% of sporadic RCCs and all (6/6) sporadic RCC cell lines analyzed showed mutations within the VHL gene. Both germ-line and somatic mutations included deletions, insertions, splice-site mutations, and missense and nonsense mutations, all of which clustered at the 3' end of the corresponding partial VHL cDNA open reading frame, including an alternatively spliced exon 123 nt in length, suggesting functionally important domains encoded by the VHL gene in this region. Over 180 sporadic tumors of other types have shown no detectable base changes within the presumed coding sequence of the VHL gene to date. We conclude that the gene causing VHL has an important and specific role in the etiology of sporadic RCCs, acts as a recessive tumor-suppressor gene, and appears to encode important functional domains within the 3' end of the known open reading frame. 相似文献
10.
The Eip28/29 gene of Drosophila is an example of a tissue- and stage-specific ecdysone-responsive gene. Its diverse patterns of expression during the third larval instar and a synopsis of those patterns in terms of expression groups have been reported previously. Here we have studied the expression (in transgenic flies) of reporter genes controlled by Eip28/29-derived flanking DNA. During the middle and late third instar, most tissues exhibit normal expression patterns when controlled by one of two classes of regulatory sequences. Class A sequences include only 657 Np of 5′ flanking DNA from Eip28/29. Class B sequences include an extended 3′ flanking region and a minimal (≤93 Np) 5′ flanking region. The class B sequences include all those elements known to be important for ecdvsone induction in cultured cells. They are sufficient to direct the normal premetamorphic induction of Eip28/29 in the lymph glands, hemocytes, proventriculus, and Malpighian tubules. This is consistent with our suggestion that Kc cells are derived from embryonic hematopoietic cells. It is remarkable that the epidermis requires only class A sequences. These are sufficient to up-regulate expression at medinstar and to down-regulate expression at metamorphosis. It follows that the epidermis uses EcREs distinct from those that function in Kc cells. It is possible that the Upstream EcRE, which is nearly silent in Kc cells, is active in the epidermis. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献