Testicular development in the adult male F1 sturgeon hybrid, the bester ( Huso huso L. female x Acipenser ruthenus L. male), was examined monthly in relation to serum sex steroid levels. Spermatogenesis lasted for 1 year, with meiosis generally starting in September and spermiogenesis in November, although there was considerable variation in testicular developmental stages between fish sampled monthly. Testicular development continued, slowly, during the winter months until April. Fish did not exhibit spontaneous spermiation, and phagocytotic activity of Sertoli cells became prominent from May onwards. Androgen levels increased during Spermatogenesis and remained high throughout the pre-spermiation period. In the degeneration stage, 11-ketotestosterone concentrations declined to low levels, while testoster- one levels remained high. The serum concentration of 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one was low throughout the reproductive cycle. Based on these results, it is suggested that the time appropriate for induction of final maturation would be from November–December to April when the testes are in the late stage of development. 相似文献
L1 retroposons are represented in mice by subfamilies of interspersed
sequences of varied abundance. Previous analyses have indicated that
subfamilies are generated by duplicative transposition of a small number of
members of the L1 family, the progeny of which then become a major
component of the murine L1 population, and are not due to any active
processes generating homology within preexisting groups of elements in a
particular species. In mice, more than a third of the L1 elements belong to
a clade that became active approximately 5 Mya and whose elements are >
or = 95% identical. We have collected sequence information from 13 L1
elements isolated from two species of voles (Rodentia: Microtinae: Microtus
and Arvicola) and have found that divergence within the vole L1 population
is quite different from that in mice, in that there is no abundant
subfamily of homologous elements. Individual L1 elements from voles are
very divergent from one another and belong to a clade that began a period
of elevated duplicative transposition approximately 13 Mya. Sequence
analyses of portions of these divergent L1 elements (approximately 250 bp
each) gave no evidence for concerted evolution having acted on the vole L1
elements since the split of the two vole lineages approximately 3.5 Mya;
that is, the observed interspecific divergence (6.7%-24.7%) is not larger
than the intraspecific divergence (7.9%-27.2%), and phylogenetic analyses
showed no clustering into Arvicola and Microtus clades.
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Imagery instructions specifying mucosal immunity should alter mucosal immunoglobulin A (m-IgA) levels in high absorbers, whose intent concentration evokes intense physiological responses. After screening for health status, 121 high or low absorbers were randomly assigned to either Relaxation Alone (R), Relaxation with Mucosal Immune Imagery (RI), or Vigilance Task control (VT). Before and after one 60-min intervention, subjects reported theory-relevant psychological variables and provided 5ml whole saliva, which was immediately frozen and assayed lateren masse with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbence (ELISA). MANOVA analysis of psychological variables replicated past research. ANOVA on residualized m-IgA found Time × Absorption interaction and Condition main effects. High more than low absorbers responded to relaxation with mucosal immune imagery by producing higher m-IgA. High absorbers appear able to locate where their immune systems will respond. Individual differences like absorption level need to be emphasized in diagnosis and treatment responsiveness.National Institutes of HealthM. Banks (Jasnoski) Gregerson, Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, changed to The Family Therapy Institute; Ingram M. Roberts, The George Washington University Medical Center, changed to Department of Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital; and Michael M. Amiri, The George Washington University Medical Center, changed to the Department of Neuroscience, NINDS Branch, National Institutes of Health. This research supported by an intra-mural BioMedical Research Grant from The George Washington University, was presented at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Boston, Massachusetts. Special thanks are extended to the following students who assisted instrumentally at various stages: undergraduates Lina Alathari, S. Theodor King, Beth Lieberman, Parisa Lotfi, Anita McClenon, and Karen Siscoe, and graduate student Mariken Hasert. 相似文献
Colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) interact with biological fluids such as human plasma to form a protein coating (corona) on the surface of NPs (NP-protein complex). However, the impact of size and type of NPs on binding of the hard corona to the surface of NPs as well as damping of their optical spectra has not been systematically explored. To elucidate the interaction between biological environment (human plasma) and NPs, a photophysical measurement was conducted to quantify the interaction of two different types of NPs (gold (Au) and silver (Ag)) with common human plasma proteins. The colloidal AuNPs and AgNPs were electrostatically stabilized and varied in diameter from 10 to 80 nm in the presence of common human plasma. The sizes of the NPs were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Optical absorption spectra were obtained for the complexes. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement and zeta potential were used to characterize the sizes, hydrodynamic diameters, and surface charges of the protein-NPs complexes. Protein separation was performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to isolate and identify the protein bands. The absorption of proteins to the NPs was found to be strongly dependent on the size and type of NPs. The distance between surface of NPs by absorbed protein bound to the NPs gradually increased with size of NPs, particularly for AgNPs with primary diameter of < 50 nm. The chi-square test proved that AgNPs are a good candidate in sensing the protein complex in human plasma compared with AuNPs mainly for the AgNPs with diameter sized 50 nm.
We propose the use of the electron cloud generated by quasi-particle waves called polariton dipoles, which oscillated within a silicon microring-embedded gold grating system for quantum consciousness processing model. An embedded gold grating is coupled by a whispering gallery mode beam generated by a soliton pulse, from which the polariton waves oscillated with the plasma frequency at the Bragg wavelength. The excited polariton cloud by the external stimuli can be detected at the system output ports. The two states of the polariton (electron) are spin-up and spin-down that can process automatically and deliver to the network and cloud. In manipulation, the results obtained show the electron density increased by increasing the input power into the system. In application, the cell polariton cloud coupled by the external stimuli and patterned by the quantum cellular automata results, which localized in the cloud network and connected to the nerve cell access nodes. The coded polaritons connected to the nerve cell memory clouds, while the required commands are delivered to resonant cells via the network link. More stenographic codes can also be generated by other external stimuli sources, which can process similarly.
Molecular Biology Reports - Understanding the genetic diversity and relationships between genotypes is an effective step in designing effective breeding programs. Insertional polymorphisms of... 相似文献
Molecular Biology Reports - Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are suggested as mechanisms which are implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Streptozotocin (STZ) is known to... 相似文献