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1.
Acanthamoeba rhysodes has been found to be a predominant intertidal benthic gymnamoeba in the mangrove ecosystem of Sundarbans of lower deltaic Bengal, facing the Bay. The sampling zones under study were the highest high tide regions, with characteristic mangrove litter-soil, inundated twice per month during the highest ebb of spring tide. Population abundance of this species, both in its trophic and cystic forms in the three distinct seasonal periods of pre-monsoon (March to June), monsoon (July to October), and post-monsoon (November to February) has been surveyed for over two years. These seasonal periods affect the physico-chemical parameters of the habitat substrata, including temperature, pH, and salinity. It has been found that the overall number of organisms per gram of soil attains peak value during the monsoon period. This value comes down in post-monsoon samples and is the least in pre-monsoon ones.  相似文献   
2.
BackgroundA soluble form of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (sCD26/DPP-IV) induces DPP-IV enzymatic activity that degrades incretin. We investigated fasting serum levels of sCD26/DPP-IV and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in Malaysian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as the associations between sCD26/DPP-IV levels, MetS, and antidiabetic therapy.MethodsWe assessed sCD26/DPP-IV levels, active GLP-1 levels, body mass index (BMI), glucose, insulin, A1c, glucose homeostasis indices, and lipid profiles in 549 Malaysian subjects (including 257 T2DM patients with MetS, 57 T2DM patients without MetS, 71 non-diabetics with MetS, and 164 control subjects without diabetes or metabolic syndrome).ResultsFasting serum levels of sCD26/DPP-IV were significantly higher in T2DM patients with and without MetS than in normal subjects. Likewise, sCD26/DPP-IV levels were significantly higher in patients with T2DM and MetS than in non-diabetic patients with MetS. However, active GLP-1 levels were significantly lower in T2DM patients both with and without MetS than in normal subjects. In T2DM subjects, sCD26/DPP-IV levels were associated with significantly higher A1c levels, but were significantly lower in patients using monotherapy with metformin. In addition, no significant differences in sCD26/DPP-IV levels were found between diabetic subjects with and without MetS. Furthermore, sCD26/DPP-IV levels were negatively correlated with active GLP-1 levels in T2DM patients both with and without MetS. In normal subjects, sCD26/DPP-IV levels were associated with increased BMI, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) levels.ConclusionSerum sCD26/DPP-IV levels increased in T2DM subjects with and without MetS. Active GLP-1 levels decreased in T2DM patients both with and without MetS. In addition, sCD26/DPP-IV levels were associated with Alc levels and negatively correlated with active GLP-1 levels. Moreover, metformin monotherapy was associated with reduced sCD26/DPP-IV levels. In normal subjects, sCD26/DPP-IV levels were associated with increased BMI, cholesterol, and LDL-c.  相似文献   
3.
Fungal spore populations in the outdoor and indoor atmosphere of Ismailia have been studied during the period from March 1992 to May 1993. A total of 23 350 cfu and 73 species were recorded,Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aureobasidium pullulans andAspergillus flavus were the most abundant. The indoor and outdoor mycoflora showed marked quantitative and qualitative differences. In view of count, recorded species could be categorized into three groups as follows: (a) species showing higher counts in out- than indoor, (b) species showing the opposite trend i.e. lower counts in out-door than indoor, (c) species showing approximately equal counts in out- and indoor. Regarding seasonal periodicity, March and either September or October showed the highest count for both normal fungal flora (NFF) and opportunistic fungal flora (OFF). While January and July showed the lowest count of them both, May but not July was the lowest as for outdoor NFF.  相似文献   
4.
Arthrobacter nicotianae KCC B35 isolated from blue-green mats densely covering oil sediments along the Arabian Gulf coast grew well on C10 to C40 n -alkanes as sole sources of carbon and energy. Growth on C20 to C40 alkanes was even better than on C10 to C18 alkanes. Biomass samples incubated for 6 h with n -octacosane (C28) or n -nonacosane (C29) accumulated these compounds as the predominant constituent alkanes of the cell hydrocarbon fractions. The even chain hexadecane C16 and the odd chain pentadecane C15 were the second dominant constituent alkanes in C28 and C29 incubated cells, respectively. n -Hexadecane-incubated cells accumulated in their lipids higher proportions of C16-fatty acids than control cells not incubated with hydrocarbons. On the other hand, C28 and C29-incubated cells did not contain any fatty acids with the equivalent chain lengths, but the fatty acid patterns of the cell lipids suggest that there should have been mid-chain oxidation of these very long chain alkanes. This activity qualifies A. nicotianae KCC B35 to be used in cocktails for bioremediating environments polluted with heavy oil sediments.  相似文献   
5.
Oil-polluted Kuwaiti desert samples, exposed to the open air, were subjected to specific types of management, once every 2 weeks, throughout a year; control samples were not treated. The total amounts of extractable alkanes from the control samples remained fairly constant during the dry hot months, but decreased during the rainy months reaching, after 1 year, slightly more than one-half of the amount at zero time. This result demonstrates the self-cleaning of the Kuwaiti desert and the essential role of moisture in this process. Out of the eight types of management studied, the repeated fertilization of the polluted sample with 3% KNO3 solution was most efficient, reducing the extractable alkanes after 1 year to about one-third of zero reading. Repeated fertilization with treated sewage effluent was inhibitory to alkane biodegradation, probably because of increasing soil acidity. The latter inhibitory effect was annulled by liming. Repeated irrigation with 3% NaCl solution was inhibitory, but 1% NaCl solution slightly promoted alkane biodegradation. The various samples contained 1010–1011 oil-utilizing bacteria/g soil, predominantly Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and Streptomyces. Oil-utilizing fungi were much less frequent and were predominantly Aspergillus and Penicillium species. The microbial numbers varied not only according to the type of soil management but also to the season.  相似文献   
6.
 Seeds of Tagetes erecta and Zinnia elegans were planted in soil inoculated with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus etunicatum. This procedure produced positive effects on both Tagetes and Zinnia compared with the control: faster flowering and an increased number of flowers. Shoot height, shoot and root dry weights and percentage infected root length were also measured. The reactions of these plants to mycorrhizal infection were shown to be independent of changes in the phosphorus, potassium and sodium contents of the plants. Accepted: 1 August 1995  相似文献   
7.
On hydrolysis, the purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Vibrio cholera, Inaba 569 B, yielded glucose, mannose, a heptose behaving like d-glycero-l-manno-heptose and one behaving like d-glycero-l-gluco-heptose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-glucose, and glucuronic acid in the molar ratios of ~9:4:5:1:2:5. Studies on the LPS, the polysaccharide (PS), and carboxyl-reduced LPS showed that the PS has a branched structure, with (1→2)-linked mannopyranosyl and a heptopyranosyl, and (1→4)-linked glucopyranosyluronic and 2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranosyl residues in the interior part of the molecule, and glucopyranosyl and heptopyranosyl residues as nonreducing end-groups.  相似文献   
8.
To identify factors affecting cationic liposome-mediated gene delivery efficiency, we studied the relationship between the biophysical characteristics of liposome/DNA complexes (lipoplexes) at different (+/-) charge ratios, their structures as monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and their mechanism(s) of internalization into the cells. Significant changes were observed in the particle size and zeta potential of liposomes and their structures assessed by AFM upon addition of DNA, which depended on (+/-) charge ratios. AFM images showed that lipoplexes were formed from extensively fused and apparently homogeneous lipid particles encapsulating DNA. Lipoplexes were found to internalize the cells through the endocytosis pathway. Lipoplex-cell fusion was found to occur mainly at the plasma membrane level; however, this lipoplex-cell membrane fusion was found to be essential for the uptake of the large particles. A new perspective for the internalization of large lipoplex particles into cytoplasm is discussed.  相似文献   
9.
PYRIN-containing Apaf1-like proteins (PYPAFs) are members of the nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat (NBS/LRR) family of signal transduction proteins. We report here that PYPAF7 is a novel PYPAF protein that activates inflammatory signaling pathways. The expression of PYPAF7 is highly restricted to immune cells, and its gene maps to chromosome 19q13.4, a locus that contains a cluster of genes encoding numerous PYPAF family members. Co-expression of PYPAF7 with ASC results in the recruitment of PYPAF7 to distinct cytoplasmic loci and a potent synergistic activation of NF-kappa B. To identify other proteins involved in PYPAF7 and ASC signaling pathways, we performed a mammalian two-hybrid screen and identified pro-caspase-1 as a binding partner of ASC. Co-expression of PYPAF7 and ASC results in the synergistic activation of caspase-1 and a corresponding increase in secretion of interleukin-1 beta. In addition, PYPAF1 induces caspase-1-dependent cytokine processing when co-expressed with ASC. These findings indicate that PYPAF family members participate in inflammatory signaling by regulating the activation of NF-kappa B and cytokine processing.  相似文献   
10.
The Attwater's prairie chicken (APC; Tympanuchus cupido attwateri Bendire, 1894) has been a federally listed endangered species since 1967. Several captive propagation programs consisting of small populations are being used to keep this species from extinction. Fecal samples were collected from APCs in April 2007 and again in August 2008 from 2 separate captive propagation facilities in Texas after clinical signs of coccidiosis were observed. One Eimeria species was observed (Eimeria attwateri), which we describe as a putative new species. Sporulated oocysts are ellipsoidal, 30.0 × 18.4 (27.4-31.3 × 16.0-22.4) μm. Oocysts have a smooth wall 0.7 μm thick and lack both a micropyle and oocyst residuum, but 1 ellipsoidal polar granule is present, 2.3 × 1.9 (2.1-2.4 × 1.7-2.0) μm. Sporocysts have a nipple-like Stieda body with a rounded opposite end and are 14.0 × 7.1 (10.2-16.8 × 6.0-9.2) μm. The sporocysts contain a sporocyst residuum usually consisting of 2-4 dispersed globules, and each sporozoite contains 2 large posterior spheroid refractile bodies 3.4 μm wide. Nucleotide sequence amplified from the 18S rDNA does not match any DNA sequence information for publicly available Eimeria species, and phylogenetic reconstructions place this species with other eimerians from Galliformes. The discovery of a potentially pathogenic species of Eimeria in captive APCs is of great importance, and managers should be aware of the potential devastating effect(s) this parasite could have on the APC conservation programs.  相似文献   
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