全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5675篇 |
免费 | 531篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
6208篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 46篇 |
2022年 | 92篇 |
2021年 | 213篇 |
2020年 | 103篇 |
2019年 | 157篇 |
2018年 | 193篇 |
2017年 | 147篇 |
2016年 | 232篇 |
2015年 | 408篇 |
2014年 | 363篇 |
2013年 | 385篇 |
2012年 | 534篇 |
2011年 | 500篇 |
2010年 | 296篇 |
2009年 | 216篇 |
2008年 | 335篇 |
2007年 | 338篇 |
2006年 | 300篇 |
2005年 | 265篇 |
2004年 | 234篇 |
2003年 | 232篇 |
2002年 | 195篇 |
2001年 | 35篇 |
2000年 | 36篇 |
1999年 | 47篇 |
1998年 | 51篇 |
1997年 | 30篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有6208条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
Ruth C. Paul B. Rainey Brian J. Sheehan Orla M. Keane Charles J. Dorman 《Current biology : CB》1999,9(24)
The relationship between environment and mutation is complex [1]. Claims of Lamarkian mutation [2] have proved unfounded [3], [4] and [5]; it is apparent, however, that the external environment can influence the generation of heritable variation, through either direct effects on DNA sequence [6] or DNA maintenance and copying mechanisms [7], [8], [9] and [10], or as a consequence of evolutionary processes [11], [12], [13], [14], [15] and [16]. The spectrum of mutational events subject to environmental influence is unknown [6] and precisely how environmental signals modulate mutation is unclear. Evidence from bacteria suggests that a transient recombination-dependent hypermutational state can be induced by starvation [5]. It is also apparent that chnages in the mutability of specific loci can be influenced by alterations in DNA topology [10] and [17]. Here we describe a remarkable instance of adaptive evolution in Salmonella which is caused by a mutation that occurs in intermediate-strength osmotic environments. We show that the mutation is not ‘directed’ and describe its genetic basis. We also present compelling evidence in support of the hypothesis that the mutational event is constrained by signals transmitted from the external environment via changes in the activity of DNA gyrase. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
Abstract. Contrary to current assumptions, the reflex blood of two-spot ladybirds, Adalia bipunctata , and seven-spot ladybirds, Coccinella septempunctata , contains haemocyte-like cells. Furthermore, DNA can be extracted and amplified from coccinellid reflex blood, confirming the presence of haemocyte-like cells and demonstrating a nondestructive method of DNA extraction. 相似文献
7.
Thomas Jahns Alexandra Zobel Diethelm Kleiner Heinrich Kaltwasser 《Archives of microbiology》1988,149(5):377-383
Evidence for the existence of an energy-dependent urea permease was found for Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 and Klebsiella pneumoniae M5a1 by studying uptake of 14C-urea. Since intracellular urea was metabolized immediately, uptake did not result in formation of an urea pool. Evidence is based on observations that the in vivo urea uptake and in vitro urease activity differ significantly with respect to kinetic parameters, temperature optimum, pH optimum, response towards inhibitors and regulation. The K
m for urea uptake was 15–20 times lower (38 M and 13 M urea for A. eutrophus and K. pneumoniae, respectively) than the K
m of urease for urea (650 M and 280 M urea), the activity optimum for A. eutrophus was at pH 6.0 and 35°C for the uptake and pH 9.0 and 65°C for urease. Uptake but not urease activity in both organisms strongly decreased upon addition of inhibitors of energy metabolism, while in K. pneumoniae, potent inhibitors of urease (thiourea and hydroxyurea) did not affect the uptake process. Significant differences in the uptake rates were observed during growth with different nitrogen sources (ammonia, nitrate, urea) or in the absence of a nitrogen source; this suggested that a carrier is involved which is subject to nitrogen control. Some evidence for the presence of an energy-dependent uptake of urea was also obtained in Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 50071 and Providencia rettgeri DSM 1131, but not in Proteus vulgaris DSM 30118 and Bacillus pasteurii DSM 33.Non-standard abbreviations CCCP
Carbonylcyanide-m-chlorphenylhydrazone
- DCCD
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- DNP
2,4-dinitrophenole 相似文献
8.
Sean Waters Muhammed Khamis Alexandra von der Decken 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1992,109(1):17-24
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were treated with 17- estradiol to induce vitellogenin synthesis in liver. This led to an increase in liver wet weight and total DNA. After incubation with micrococcal nuclease (EC 3.1.31.1) less soluble chromatin was obtained from nuclei of the estradiol treated than the control fish, but active gene regions were solubilized by the nuclease. Thus, in the estradiol treated fish soluble mononucleosomes contained hybridizable vitellogenin gene sequences. As a result of estradiol treatment the content in total liver of putrescine rose 3-fold, that of spermidine 2-fold, while spermine was unchanged. In muscle no significant changes were observed. The regulatory functions of polyamines during gene expression were investigated by binding (14C)spermine to isolated liver nuclei depleted of endogenous polyamines. The number of binding sites was higher in nuclei of estradiol treated than control fish. (14C)spermine associated preferentially with micrococcal nuclease insensitive chromatin. Thus, the high content of putrescine and spermidine in liver supported the view of polyamine accumulation in proliferating tissues. The preferential binding to condensed chromatin indicated a stabilizing effect of polyamines on the organization of inactive chromatin structures.Abbreviations MNase
micrococcal nuclease
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride 相似文献
9.
A two-step (indirect) immunoperoxidase method directed against Chlamydia trachomatis was developed. The method was then used to evaluate the specificity of cytologic changes suggestive of C. trachomatis in Papanicolaou smears of cervical specimens from women who were culture-negative for the organism. Positive immunoperoxidase staining was detected in 9 of 21 cases (43%) tested. Technical problems, especially background staining, precluded interpretation in the remainder of the cases. Cervical cytology, as demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining, may, in some instances, be more sensitive than the culture. However, because the etiology of cytologic changes not specifically identified by immunoperoxidase staining may be due to other organisms or factors, immunoperoxidase procedures, as described, should not replace culture for confirmation of cytologic findings suggestive of C. trachomatis. 相似文献
10.