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1.
Abstract. Nutrient conservation in vegetation affects rates of litter decomposition and soil nutrient availability. Although resorption has been traditionally considered one of the most important plant strategies to conserve nutrients in temperate forests, long leaf life‐span and low nutrient requirements have been postulated as better indicators. We aimed at identifying nutrient conservation strategies within characteristic functional groups of NW Patagonian forests on Andisols. We analysed C‐, N‐, P‐, K‐ and lignin‐concentrations in mature and senescent leaves of ten native woody species within the functional groups: broad‐leaved deciduous species, broad‐leaved evergreens and conifers. We also examined mycorrhizal associations in all species. Nutrient concentration in mature leaves and N‐ resorption were higher in broad‐leaved deciduous species than in the other two functional groups. Conifers had low mature leaf nutrient concentrations, low N‐resorption and high lignin/N ratios in senescent leaves. P‐ and K‐resorptions did not differ among functional groups. Broad‐leaved evergreens exhibited a species‐dependent response. Nitrogen in mature leaves was positively correlated with both N resorption and soil N‐fertility. Despite the high P‐retention capacity of Andisols, N appeared to be the more limiting nutrient, with most species being proficient in resorbing N but not P. The presence of endomycorrhizae in all conifers and the broad‐leaved evergreen Maytenus boaria, ectomycorrhizae in all Nothofagus species (four deciduous, one evergreen), and cluster roots in the broad‐leaved evergreen Lomatia hirsuta, would be possibly explaining why P is less limiting than N in these forests. 相似文献
2.
Filippo Genovese Stefania Ferrari Giambattista Guaitoli Monica Caselli M. Paola Costi Glauco Ponterini 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2010,19(5):1023-1030
An ad hoc bioconjugation/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay has been designed to spectroscopically monitor the quaternary state of human thymidylate synthase dimeric protein. The approach enables the chemoselective engineering of allosteric residues while preserving the native protein functions through reversible masking of residues within the catalytic site, and is therefore suitable for activity/oligomerization dual assay screenings. It is applied to tag the two subunits of human thymidylate synthase at cysteines 43 and 43′ with an excitation energy donor/acceptor pair. The dimer–monomer equilibrium of the enzyme is then characterized through steady‐state fluorescence determination of the intersubunit resonance energy transfer efficiency. 相似文献
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Sequence complexity and diversity of polyadenylated RNA molecules transcribed in human myeloid cells
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Sonia Coni Silvia Maria Serrao Zuleyha Nihan Yurtsever Laura Di Magno Rosa Bordone Camilla Bertani Valerio Licursi Zaira Ianniello Paola Infante Marta Moretti Marialaura Petroni Francesca Guerrieri Alessandro Fatica Alberto Macone Enrico De Smaele Lucia Di Marcotullio Giuseppe Giannini Marella Maroder Enzo Agostinelli Gianluca Canettieri 《Cell death & disease》2020,11(12)
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Human RSV is one of the most prevalent viral pathogens of early childhood for which no vaccine is available. Herein we provide an analysis of RSV epitope data to examine its application to vaccine design and development. Our objective was to provide an overview of antigenic coverage, identify critical antibody and T cell determinants, and then analyze the cumulative RSV epitope data from the standpoint of functional responses using a combinational approach to characterize antigenic structure and epitope location. A review of the cumulative data revealed, not surprisingly, that the vast majority of epitopes have been defined for the two major surface antigens, F and G. Antibody and T cell determinants have been reported from multiple hosts, including those from human subjects following natural infection, however human data represent a minority of the data. A structural analysis of the major surface antigen, F, showed that the majority of epitopes defined for functional antibodies (neutralizing and/or protective) were either shown to bind pre-F or to be accessible in both pre- and post-F forms. This finding may have has implications for on-going vaccine design and development. These interpretations are in agreement with previous work and can be applied in the larger context of functional epitopes on the F protein. It is our hope that this work will provide the basis for further RSV-specific epitope discovery and investigation into the nature of antigen conformation in immunogenicity. 相似文献
8.
Paolo d’Errico Marina Boido Antonio Piras Valeria Valsecchi Elena De Amicis Denise Locatelli Silvia Capra Francesco Vagni Alessandro Vercelli Giorgio Battaglia 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Loss of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1) is responsible for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the most common inherited cause of infant mortality. Even though the SMA phenotype is traditionally considered as related to spinal motor neuron loss, it remains debated whether the specific targeting of motor neurons could represent the best therapeutic option for the disease. We here investigated, using stereological quantification methods, the spinal cord and cerebral motor cortex of ∆7 SMA mice during development, to verify extent and selectivity of motor neuron loss. We found progressive post-natal loss of spinal motor neurons, already at pre-symptomatic stages, and a higher vulnerability of motor neurons innervating proximal and axial muscles. Larger motor neurons decreased in the course of disease, either for selective loss or specific developmental impairment. We also found a selective reduction of layer V pyramidal neurons associated with layer V gliosis in the cerebral motor cortex. Our data indicate that in the ∆7 SMA model SMN loss is critical for the spinal cord, particularly for specific motor neuron pools. Neuronal loss, however, is not selective for lower motor neurons. These data further suggest that SMA pathogenesis is likely more complex than previously anticipated. The better knowledge of SMA models might be instrumental in shaping better therapeutic options for affected patients. 相似文献
9.
Romano Gellini Filippo Bussotti Davide Bettini Paolo Grossoni Alessandro Bottacci 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(3-4):481-504
Abstract We propose a study of the main species belonging to the genus Quercus in Italy, characterized and identified by means of leaf surface observation, with special attention devoted to waxes, trichomes and stomata. Comparing our results with the classification proposed by SCHWARZ (1984), we find that species belonging to Schwarz's subgenus Quercus are recognizable because their waxes are structured in vertical scales; the two other subgenera (Sclerophyllodrys and Cerris) present smooth wax structures, their distinctive feature being the shape of the stomatal rima, which is roundish in Sclerophyllodrys and elliptical in Cerris. The study characterizes Quercus pubescens Willd. and Quercus petraea Liebl. by analyzing some morphometric traits; but the authors feel that further research is needed on these critical taxonomic entities. Lastly, the study examines forms of was degeneration correlated to the phenomenon known as oak decline. 相似文献
10.
Alberto Buson Alessandro Negro Luigi Grassato Massimo Tagliaro Marina Basaglia Claudio Grandi Angelo Fontana Marco P. Nuti 《FEMS microbiology letters》1996,145(1):55-62
Abstract A clone positive for d-carbamoylase activity (2.7 kb Hin dIII- Bam H1 DNA fragment) was obtained by screening a genomic library of Agrobacterium radiobacter in Escherichia coli . This DNA fragment contains an open reading frame of 912 bp which is predicted to encode a peptide of 304 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 34247 Da. The d-carbamoylase gene. named cauA , was placed under the control of T7 RNA-dependent promoter and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). After induction with isopropyl-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside, the synthesis of d-carbamoylase in E. coli reached about 40% of the total protein. The expressed protein was shown to possess a molecular mass, on SDS-PAGE, of 36 kDa and showed an enhanced allowed us to establish that a Pro14 →Leu14 exchange leads to an inactive enzyme species, while a Cys279 →Ser279 exchange did not impair the functional properties of the enxyme. 相似文献