Environmentally Dependent Morphological Variability in Seven Apomictic Microspecies from Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae)

Apomictic microspecies, for example those of the genus Alchemilla, are often difficult to distinguish. Still, their differences are thought to be persistent due to apomixis. Apomicts are argued to have general-purpose genotypes. The present study aims to assess the variation of morphological characters of Alchemilla depending on environmental conditions both in nature and experimentally; to evaluate the efficacy of characters for identifying the different microspecies; to assess the similarity of different microspecies; and to determine if Alchemilla microspecies have general-purpose genotypes that are not dependent on environmental conditions. The variability of selected characters in seven microspecies of Alchemilla was studied in nature and five microspecies were grown in a common garden experiment. The growing conditions of the latter were subjected to various manipulations (fertilization, shading and irrigation). Typical natural habitats of Alchemilla exhibited only small differences. Environmental conditions therefore had little effect on morphological characters. Neither cultivation in the common garden nor manipulation of conditions therein had a significant impact on the discrimination of microspecies. However, the metric characters were larger in the garden relative to those observed in nature, particularly under fertilization. Fertilization affected most characters, whereas shading and irrigation did not. The most effective characters for discriminating between microspecies were the ratios of the metric characters. Two species pairs: A. vulgaris and A. micans, as well as A. glaucescens and A. hirsuticaulis were morphologically close; however, the species within these pairs could still be distinguished. The morphological characters of Alchemilla microspecies were only slightly dependent on the environmental conditions.     

Rotavirus and adenovirus in Rondônia

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in humans worldwide. Viral gastroenteritis is a global problem in infants and young children. In this study the incidence of diarrhea was assessed in 877 hospitalized children under five years old, over a period of 24 months and distributed in 470 cases of diarrhea and 407 age-matched group with other pathologies, as control group. Two antigen detection techniques based on enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and latex particles were used for detection of rotavirus and adenovirus. Rotavirus A was a major cause of gastroenteritis with 23.6% of cases, being 90% of these cases in young children. Adenovirus infections was detected by EIA with frequency of 6.4%. Rotavirus and adenovirus were detected in 10.1 and 1.7% of stools from control group, respectively. Interestingly, the frequency of the youngest children in the control group excreting Rotavirus A was comparable to that detected in stools from diarrheic children. We cannot rule out the existence of other enteric viruses because the etiology of 171 cases of diarrhea was not determined and active search for astrovirus and calicivirus was not done. This is the first study that shows the presence of enteric viruses in the infantile population from Western Brazilian Amazonia and it was important to help physicians in the treatment of viral gastroenteritis.     

Follicular growth and sex steroids in adult females of the endemic Amazonian freshwater stingray Potamotrygon wallacei (Chondrichthyes,Potamotrygonidae)

Environmental Biology of Fishes - This study evaluated how the plasma steroid hormones testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) are related to follicular development in regenerating females of...     

Clinical Profiles and Factors Associated with Death in Adults with Dengue Admitted to Intensive Care Units,Minas Gerais,Brazil

The purpose of our study was to describe the clinical profile of dengue-infected patients admitted to Brazilian intensive care units (ICU) and evaluate factors associated with death. A longitudinal, multicenter case series study was conducted with laboratory-confirmed dengue patients admitted to nine Brazilian ICUs situated in Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2013. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data; disease severity scores; and mortality were evaluated. A total of 97 patients were studied. The in-ICU and in-hospital mortality rates were 18.6% and 19.6%, respectively. Patients classified as having severe dengue according to current World Health Organization classifications showed an increased risk of death in a univariate analysis. Nonsurvivors were older, exhibited lower serum albumin concentrations and higher total leukocyte counts and serum creatinine levels. Other risk factors (vomiting, lethargy/restlessness, dyspnea/respiratory distress) were also associated with death in a univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis indicated that in-hospital mortality was significantly associated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. The ICU and in-hospital mortality observed in this study were higher than values reported in similar studies. An increased frequency of ICU admission due to severe organ dysfunction, higher severity indices and scarcity of ICU beds may partially explain the higher mortality.