<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bracon (Lucobracon) iskilipus</Emphasis> sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) from the Central Black Sea region of Turkey

During the studies on the Turkish Braconidae, a new species Bracon (Lucobracon) iskilipus sp. n. from the Turkish Central Black Sea region was recorded. Bracon (Lucobracon) iskilipus sp. n. was described, its morphological diagnostic characters were illustrated and it was compared with the related Bracon (Lucobracon) moczari Papp.     

Adventitious root formation of kiwifruit in relation to sampling date, IBA and Agrobacterium rubi inoculation

During the winters of 2001 and 2002, the effects of three strain of Agrobacterium rubi (A1, A16 and A18), a range of IBA concentrations (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm) alone and in combination with three strains of Agrobacterium rubi and date of cutting collection on the rooting of hardwood stem cuttings of kiwifruit cv. Hayward were evaluated. Treatments of hardwood stem cuttings of kiwifruit cv. Hayward with the bacteria, IBA and IBA plus bacteria were found to promote rooting. Highest rooting percentage was obtained from cuttings treated with 4000 ppm IBA plus A18 in cv. Hayward in both years. Higher rooting percentages were observed when shoots were collected in February rather than in January.     

The efficiency of CAPE on retardation of hepatic fibrosis in biliary obstructed rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against cholestatic oxidative stress and liver damage in the common bile duct ligated rats. A total of 18 male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, bile duct ligation (BDL) and BDL + received CAPE; each group contain 6 animals. The rats in CAPE treated groups were given CAPE (10 μmol/kg) once a day intraperitoneally (i.p) for 2 weeks starting just after BDL operation. The changes demonstrating the bile duct proliferation and fibrosis in expanded portal tracts include the extension of proliferated bile ducts into lobules, inflammatory cell infiltration into the widened portal areas were observed in BDL group. Treatment of BDL with CAPE attenuated alterations in liver histology. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the activity of TUNEL in the BDL were observed to be reduced with the QE treatment. The application of BDL clearly increased the tissue hydroxyproline (HP) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased the antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) activities. CAPE treatment significantly decreased the elevated tissue HP content, and MDA levels and raised the reduced of SOD, and GPx enzymes in the tissues. The data indicate that CAPE attenuates BDL-induced cholestatic liver injury, bile duct proliferation, and fibrosis. The hepatoprotective effect of CAPE is associated with antioxidative potential.     

Lensfree fluorescent on-chip imaging of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans over an ultra-wide field-of-view

We demonstrate lensfree on-chip fluorescent imaging of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) over an ultra-wide field-of-view (FOV) of e.g., >2-8 cm(2) with a spatial resolution of ～10 μm. This is the first time that a lensfree on-chip platform has successfully imaged fluorescent C. elegans samples. In our wide-field lensfree imaging platform, the transgenic samples are excited using a prism interface from the side, where the pump light is rejected through total internal reflection occurring at the bottom facet of the substrate. The emitted fluorescent signal from C. elegans samples is then recorded on a large area opto-electronic sensor-array over an FOV of e.g., >2-8 cm(2), without the use of any lenses, thin-film interference filters or mechanical scanners. Because fluorescent emission rapidly diverges, such lensfree fluorescent images recorded on a chip look blurred due to broad point-spread-function of our platform. To combat this resolution challenge, we use a compressive sampling algorithm to uniquely decode the recorded lensfree fluorescent patterns into higher resolution images, demonstrating ～10 μm resolution. We tested the efficacy of this compressive decoding approach with different types of opto-electronic sensors to achieve a similar resolution level, independent of the imaging chip. We further demonstrate that this wide FOV lensfree fluorescent imaging platform can also perform sequential bright-field imaging of the same samples using partially-coherent lensfree digital in-line holography that is coupled from the top facet of the same prism used in fluorescent excitation. This unique combination permits ultra-wide field dual-mode imaging of C. elegans on a chip which could especially provide a useful tool for high-throughput screening applications in biomedical research.     

Serum cytokine levels in patients with acute brucellosis and their relation to the traditional inflammatory markers

The number of clinical studies on gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in human brucellosis is limited. The present study was focused on IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-4 levels in acute brucellosis cases, in the acute phase and at the end of the treatment. The relation of these cytokines to traditional inflammation markers was also investigated. The study included 27 cases of acute brucellosis and 20 healthy volunteers who had no complaints. It was found that mean IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha levels, CRP (C-reactive protein) levels and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) values were significantly higher in acute brucellosis cases as compared to post-treatment values and values measured in the control group. In addition, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha levels measured in the acute phase correlated with the increase in CRP levels and ESR values. Our results confirmed that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha are involved in the pathophysiology of brucellosis and are closely related to the inflammatory activation of the disease. In view of the present findings, it is suggested that IFN-gamma and TNFalpha may be used for monitoring brucellosis.     

Two new records of Oribatula (Zygoribatula) species (Acari: Oribatida) from Turkey, with redescriptions

The oribatid mite fauna of Turkey is still relatively poorly known. The present paper adds two species of oribatid mites to the known Turkish fauna viz., Oribatula (Zygoribatula) debilitranslamellata (Kulijev, 1962) and O. (Z.) exilis (Nicolet, 1855). Both species are characterised by large, prominent lamellar cusps, with the lamellar setae inserted apically on the cusps, and by the presence of distinct translamellae. They can be distinguished, however, by the smaller lamellae, absence of cuspidal teeth, narrowly fusiform sensilli and, 13 pairs of thin, smooth, apically almost flagellate notogastral setae, in O. (Z.) debilitranslamellata, and by the wider lamellae, presence of cuspidal teeth, widely fusiform sensilli, and 14 pairs of thin, smooth notogastral setae, with seta c (1) slightly thicker and minutely barbed in O. (Z.) exilis. The following species have been previously reported from Turkey: O. (Z.) cognata (Oudemans, 1902), O. (Z.) undulata (Berlese, 1917), O. (Z.) terricola Van der Hammen, 1952, and O. (Z.) lanceolata Grobler, Bayram & Cobanoglu, 2004.