排序方式: 共有19条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Yohanna Kamabi Avong Petros Isaakidis Sven Gudmund Hinderaker Rafael Van den Bergh Engy Ali Bolajoko Oladunni Obembe Ernest Ekong Clement Adebamowo Nicaise Ndembi James Okuma Adeline Osakwe Olanrewaju Oladimeji Gabriel Akang Joshua Olusegun Obasanya Osman Eltayeb Aderonke Vivian Agbaje Alash’le Abimiku Charles Olalekan Mensah Patrick Sunday Dakum 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Background
Adverse events (AEs) of second line anti-tuberculosis drugs (SLDs) are relatively well documented. However, the actual burden has rarely been described in detail in programmatic settings. We investigated the occurrence of these events in the national cohort of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Nigeria.Method
This was a retrospective, observational cohort study, using pharmacovigilance data systematically collected at all MDR-TB treatment centers in Nigeria. Characteristics of AEs during the intensive phase treatment were documented, and risk factors for development of AEs were assessed.Results
Four hundred and sixty patients were included in the analysis: 62% were male; median age was 33 years [Interquartile Range (IQR):28–42] and median weight was 51 kg (IQR: 45–59). Two hundred and three (44%) patients experienced AEs; four died of conditions associated with SLD AEs. Gastro-intestinal (n = 100), neurological (n = 75), ototoxic (n = 72) and psychiatric (n = 60) AEs were the most commonly reported, whereas ototoxic and psychiatric AEs were the most debilitating. Majority of AEs developed after 1–2 months of therapy, and resolved in less than a month after treatment. Some treatment centers were twice as likely to report AEs compared with others, highlighting significant inconsistencies in reporting at different treatment centers. Patients with a higher body weight had an increased risk of experiencing AEs. No differences were observed in risk of AEs between HIV-infected and uninfected patients. Similarly, age was not significantly associated with AEs.Conclusion
Patients in the Nigerian MDR-TB cohort experienced a wide range of AEs, some of which were disabling and fatal. Early identification and prompt management as well as standardized reporting of AEs at all levels of healthcare, including the community is urgently needed. Safer regimens for drug-resistant TB with the shortest duration are advocated. 相似文献3.
Helena J Bailes Wayne L Davies Ann EO Trezise Shaun P Collin 《BMC evolutionary biology》2007,7(1):200
Background
One of the greatest challenges facing the early land vertebrates was the need to effectively interpret a terrestrial environment. Interpretation was based on ocular adaptations evolved for an aquatic environment millions of years earlier. The Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri is thought to be the closest living relative to the first terrestrial vertebrate, and yet nothing is known about the visual pigments present in lungfish or the early tetrapods. 相似文献4.
EO Ogueji CD Nwani SC Iheanacho CE Mbah CO Okeke A Yaji 《African Journal of Aquatic Science》2018,43(3):293-303
Indiscriminate discharge of pharmaceutical waste into the aquatic ecosystem may pose serious health challenges to aquatic biota. The effect of acute exposure to ibuprofen was evaluated using changes in behaviour and haematological parameters under static bio-assay method in Clarias gariepinus. Test specimens were exposed to acute concentrations of ibuprofen (0.28, 0.33, 0.38, 0.43 and 0.48 mg l?1) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h durations respectively. Behavioural and phenotypic changes were observed in surviving fish. There were significant (p < 0.05) concentration and duration-dependent increases in erythrocyte (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), pack cell volume (PCV) and leukocytes (WBC) in treated fish compared to the control. Insignificant decreases (p > 0.05) in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were observed in treated fish compared to the control. Ibuprofen elicited dose and duration- dependent decrease in neutrophil counts with the decreases being significant (p < 0.05) in the higher doses of 0.43 and 0.48 mg l?1. Ibuprofen did not elicit any significant changes in monocytes, basophils and eosinophils. Changes observed in this study showed that ibuprofen negatively affected the health of the fish and we recommend that discharge of ibuprofen into the aquatic environment should be monitored and controlled. 相似文献
5.
The use of atypical antipsychotics in the clinical management of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders has been associated with the development of insulin resistance. The present study evaluates the possible individual ameliorating effect of single daily oral treatments with 20 mg/kg/day of metformin and 0.1 mg/kg of glibenclamide in two groups of Wistar rats pretreated with 0.2 mg/kg of risperidone for 60 days. Two additional groups of rats were only treated with 0.2 mg/kg of risperidone and 10 mL/kg of distilled water, respectively, also for 60 days. Results showed that oral pre-treatment with metformin significantly attenuated increases in the weight gain pattern, fasting glucose, fasting plasma insulin, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels that were elevated by risperidone treatment. Metformin also significantly reduced glycosylated hemoglobin concentration, fasting insulin-glucose ratio and fasting insulin resistance index. Conversely, oral pre-treatment with glibenclamide for 60 days did not significantly reduce any of the measured parameters except for glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations. Thus, results of this study showed that 20 mg/kg of metformin effectively ameliorated the development of risperidone-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia which was mediated via improvement in insulin resistance. This study provides insight into the therapeutic potential of metformin in preventing risperidone-induced insulin resistance diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. 相似文献
6.
Agbaje Lateef Bolaji I. Folarin Suliat M. Oladejo Paul O. Akinola Lorika S. Beukes Evariste B. Gueguim-Kana 《Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology》2013,43(7):646-652
AbstractPhytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extract of Petiveria alliacea (PA) was the focus of this research work. The PA-AgNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) study. Studies were made on the AgNPs for antibacterial, antifungal, anticoagulant, free-radical scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. The crystalline PA-AgNPs were monodispersed, with a size range of 16.70–33.74?nm and maximum absorption at 410?nm. FTIR analysis displayed prominent peaks at 3430.6, 1711.8, and 1165.9/cm, which showed the existence of phenolic compounds and proteins in the synthesis of AgNPs. PA-AgNPs was active against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus, with 100% inhibition. The PA-AgNPs also displayed good antifungal properties, as the concentrations of 100 and 150?µg/mL had 100% inhibition toward Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. However, there was 66.67% inhibition of Aspergillus niger. It scavenged both DPPH and H2O2 by 70.69 and 89.02%, respectively. PA-AgNPs also prevented the coagulation of human blood. This study, being the first of its kind to use the leaf extract of PA for the synthesis of AgNPs has shown that PA-AgNPs can find biomedical applications. 相似文献
7.
Agbaje OC Fadeyi OO Fadeyi SA Myles LE Okoro CO 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(3):989-992
A series of trifluoromethylated hexahydropyrimidine and tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro cytotoxic activities were determined in colon cancer cell line (COLO 320 HSR). Compounds 4f, 4g, 4k, 5, and 7 proved to be the most active in this series of compounds. They represent promising new leads for the development of highly potent and selective anticancer compounds. All the compounds are lipophilic due to the trifluoromethyl group, and are thus expected to penetrate the membrane in appreciable concentration. 相似文献
8.
Oluwatoosin B.A. Agbaje J. Gabriel Dominguez Dorrit E. Jacob 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2021
BackgroundBiochemical studies and spectroscopic techniques have shown that chitin-silk fibroins are common in nacroprismatic bivalve shells. However, the nature of organic biopolymers in the less well studied shell architectures, such as crossed lamellar shells, remain unknown. Here, two venus shells, Callista disrupta and Callista kingii, with crossed lamellar ultrastructure have been studied.MethodsWe employed thermal gravimetric analysis, optical-, confocal- and scanning electron-microscopes, gel-sodium dodecyl sulfate (gel-SDS), FTIR, ultra-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography system with pulsed amperometric detection to analyse organic macromolecules in the shells.ResultsThermal analysis showed a low concentration of organic macromolecules in C. disrupta (1.38 wt%) and in C. kingii (1.71 wt%). A combination of biochemical protocols, including Calcofluor White staining and FTIR spectroscopic assessment, indicate that amino-polysaccharide chitin together with proteins, are present in the organic scaffolding of the shells. Scanning electron microscope of insoluble acid biopolymer extracts as well as FTIR technique show that the hierarchical structural organizations of organic biopolymers consist collagen-related matrix. Our histochemical fixing and staining techniques reveal many discrete proteins and glycoproteins from soluble organic macromolecules on the gel-SDS. We show here ‘singlet’ and ‘doublet’ glycosaminoglycan bands that are far above 260 kDa.General significance/conclusionsThe presence of collagen matrix in Callista shells shows promise for the new source of biomaterials. Most importantly, the structural organization of the proteinaceous motif is predominantly helical structures and not silk-fibroin unlike in nacreous bivalve shells. 相似文献
9.
Salmonellae are widely distributed but nomenclaturally controversial pathogens of both humans and animals. Despite elaborate
studies, much still remain to be discovered about these organisms. Although Salmonella nomenclature has proved to be rather complex, in 2005, Salmonella enterica finally gained official approval as the type species of the genus Salmonella. In addition, one other species has been approved and recognised in the genus Salmonella, namely, Salmonella bongori. New serovars (serotypes) are continually being discovered each year and reported in the journal Research in Microbiology. Salmonella serovars and their antigenic formulae are listed in the White–Kauffmann–Le Minor scheme and updated by the World Health Organization’s
Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella at the Pasteur Institute, Paris, France. 相似文献
10.
BRANT C. FAIRCLOTH ALLISON REID TERESA VALENTINE SOO HYUNG EO THERON M. TERHUNE TRAVIS C. GLENN WILLIAM E. PALMER CAMPBELL JOSEPH NAIRN JOHN P. CARROLL 《Molecular ecology resources》2005,5(2):387-389
We describe primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions to amplify four dinucleotide, one trinucleotide, and three tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci from the bobcat (Lynx rufus). The primers were tested on 22 individuals collected from a population located within southwestern Georgia (USA). The primer pairs developed in this study yielded an average of 7.4 alleles per locus (range four to 10), an average observed heterozygosity of 0.60 (range 0.40 to 0.76), and an average polymorphic information content of 0.70 (range 0.51 to 0.78). 相似文献