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R Gon?alves LA Szmuchrowski LS Prado BP Couto JCQ Machado VO Damasceno JA Lamounier 《Biology of sport / Institute of Sport》2015,32(3):255-260
The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and aerobic fitness as predictors of cardiovascular risk factor clustering in children. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 290 school boys and girls from 6 to 10 years old, randomly selected. Blood was collected after a 12-hour fasting period. Blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), height and weight were evaluated according to international standards. Aerobic fitness (AF) was assessed by the 20-metre shuttle-run test. Clustering was considered when three of these factors were present: high systolic or diastolic blood pressure, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high triglycerides, high plasma glucose, high insulin concentrations and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. A ROC curve identified the cut-off points of body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and AF as predictors of risk factor clustering. BMI, WC and WHR resulted in significant areas under the ROC curves, which was not observed for AF. The anthropometric variables were good predictors of cardiovascular risk factor clustering in both sexes, whereas aerobic fitness should not be used to identify cardiovascular risk factor clustering in these children. 相似文献
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FRÉDÉRIC JIGUET RICHARD D. GREGORY VINCENT DEVICTOR RHYS E. GREEN PETR VOŘÍŠEK ARCO VAN STRIEN DENIS COUVET 《Global Change Biology》2010,16(2):497-505
Temperate species are projected to experience the greatest temperature increases across a range of modelled climate change scenarios, and climate warming has been linked to geographical range and population changes of individual species at such latitudes. However, beyond the multiple modelling approaches, we lack empirical evidence of contemporary climate change impacts on populations in broad taxonomic groups and at continental scales. Identifying reliable predictors of species resilience or susceptibility to climate warming is of critical importance in assessing potential risks to species, ecosystems and ecosystem services. Here we analysed long‐term trends of 110 common breeding birds across Europe (20 countries), to identify climate niche characteristics, adjusted to other environmental and life history traits, that predict large‐scale population changes accounting for phylogenetic relatedness among species. Beyond the now well‐documented decline of farmland specialists, we found that species with the lowest thermal maxima (as the mean spring and summer temperature of the hottest part of the breeding distribution in Europe) showed the sharpest declines between 1980 and 2005. Thermal maximum predicted the recent trends independently of other potential predictors. This study emphasizes the need to account for both land‐use and climate changes to assess the fate of species. Moreover, we highlight that thermal maximum appears as a reliable and simple predictor of the long‐term trends of such endothermic species facing climate change. 相似文献
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V. O. Adanina J. P. Rio A. S. Adanina J. Reperant N. P. Veselkin 《Cell and Tissue Biology》2010,4(4):380-390
Using the method of the double immune label combined with two antibodies, i.e., monoclonal antibodies to gamma-aminobutyric
acid (GABA) and polyclonal antibodies to glycine, the distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid- and glycine-immunoreactive
synapses on motoneurons and primary afferent axons was studied in the frog Rana temporaria spinal cord. An analysis of all labeled boutons on the dendrites and soma of motoneurons showed the existence of three categories
of immunoreactive synapses as follows: 7% were labeled for GABA, 23% were labeled for glycine, and approximately 70% were
immunoreactive to both GABA and glycine. These results confirm the predominant role of glycine in the postsynaptic inhibition
of motoneuronal activity. Three similar populations of synaptic boutons were also founded on primary afferent axons, including
one GABA-immunoreactive (25%) and one glycine-immunoreactive (5%); the majority of the immunoreactive synapses had the colocalization
of two inhibitory transmitters. As a rule, the higher proportion of axo-axonal synapses was organized in synaptic triads.
The possible simultaneous roles of glycine as a transmitter of postsynaptic inhibition and as a transmitter that mediates
the process of the autoreception of glutamate in the axo-axonal synapses on the primary afferent fibers are discussed. 相似文献
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V. O. Adanina N. P. Vesselkin J.-P. Rio J. Reperant 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2005,41(4):465-472
Structure of central projections of the motoneuron axons of the spinal cord of the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis was studied using labeling with horseradish peroxidase in vitro. Axons of the lamprey spinal cord motoneurons were found to have collaterals terminating in ventral columns of the white matter, in which they establish contacts with dendrites of adjacent motoneurons, which can be considered as a substrate of the intermotoneuron interaction. Some axons of motoneurons give bifurcations to two equal branches connected with two neighboring ventral roots, which seems to facilitate propagation of rhythmic activity of locomotor generator in the rostro caudal direction for providing continuous wave of contraction of myotome muscles in the course of undulating movement. 相似文献
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V. O. Adanina N. P. Vesselkin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2017,53(5):423-426
Arborization of dorsal root afferents was studied in the lamprey spinal cord by the method of horseradish peroxidase transport. Direct evidence was obtained for the presence of efferent fibers in dorsal roots, representing collaterals that depart from ascending and descending intraspinal branches of sensory axons and travel towards the periphery through the adjacent roots. 相似文献
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N P Veselkin V O Adanina J P Rio J Repérant 《Rossi?skii fiziologicheski? zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》1999,85(4):515-522
Using the electron microscopy immunocytochemistry, the GABA and glycine immunoreactivity was studied in presynaptic axon terminals of the spinal cord central gray in the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis. All immunopositive presynaptic terminals contacting motoneurones or non-identified post-synaptic profiles were divided into only GABA- (44%), only glycine-immunopositive terminals (26%), and both GABA- and glycine-containing terminals (30%). The glycine-immunopositive axon terminals contained flattened synaptic vesicles. Large dense core vesicles were co-localised with conventional synaptic vesicles in 74% of GABA-containing presynaptic terminals. 相似文献
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V. O. Adanina J. -P. Rio A. S. Adanina J. Reperan N. P. Vesselkin 《Cell and Tissue Biology》2008,2(5):486-492
The ultrastructure and immunospecificity of synapses on primary afferents and dorsal sensory cells (DCs) were studied in lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) spinal cords. Using the postembedding immunogold method with a combination of antibodies—polyclonal antibodies to glutamate and monoclonal antibodies to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)—the presence of GABA-positive on the primary afferent axons and GABA-and glutamate-immunopositive synapses on the DC somatic membranes have been shown. Thus, it is obvious that sensory information in the lamprey is controlled by both presynaptic inhibition via synapses on the primary afferent axons and by direct synaptic influence on the body of the sensory neuron. 相似文献