Effect of different eriophyid and tetranychid mango mite species on development,longevity, fecundity and predation of Typhlodromus mangiferus Zaher and El-Brolossy (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Effects on development, longevity, fecundity and predation of the predatory phytoseiid mite Typhlodromus mangiferus Zaher and El-Brolossy were studied in the laboratory at different temperatures and relative humidities using four prey mite species: the motile stages of the eriophyid mango bud mite Aceria mangiferae Sayed, the eriophyid leaf coating and webbing mite Cisaberoptus kenyae Keifer, the eriophyid mango rust mite Metaculus mangiferae (Attiah) and nymphs of the tetranychid mango red mite Oligonychus mangiferus (Rahman and Sabra). The increase of different temperatures and decrease of relative humidities from 25°C and 60% to 30°C and 55% and 35°C and 50% shortened development and increased reproduction and prey consumption. The developmental durations were almost similar when the predator was fed on eriophyids compared to that on tetranychid. The maximum reproduction (2.70, 2.08, 1.97 and 1.66 eggs/ ♀ /day) was recorded at the highest temperature and the lowest relative humidity, while the minimum reproduction (1.7, 1.54, 1.53, and 1.06 eggs/ ♀ /day) was noted at the lowest temperature and highest relative humidity with all mango prey species. Life table parameters indicated that feeding of T. mangiferus on A. mangiferae led to the highest reproduction rate (rm = 0.204 and 0.139 females/female/day), while feeding on O. mangiferus gave the lowest reproduction rate (rm = 0.137 and 0.116) at 35°C and 50% relative humidity and 25°C and 60% relative humidity, respectively. T. mangiferus seems to be a voracious predator of both mango eriophyid and tetranychid mites. The adult female daily consumed about 127 A. mangiferae, 97 C. kenyae, 86 M. mangiferae, and 18 O. mangiferus at 35°C and 50% relative humidity, while it devoured only 99.81, 86, 81, and 15 individuals, respectively at 25°C and 60% relative humidity. The present study revealed that each injurious mite is thought to be profitable prey species to T. mangiferus as a facultative predator.     

Biological studies of the predacious mite Amblyseius swirskii,a predator of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus on pepper plants (Acari: Phytoseiidae: Tarsonemidae)

The predatory phytoseiid mite Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) completed its lifespan when fed on females of the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks). The development was the quickest and the number of prey consumed was highest when individuals were reared at 28?°C compared with 19?°C. The average number of eggs/female/day was 2.36 and 1.69, respectively. Life table parameters showed that the population of A. swirskii multiplied 16 and 20 times in a generation time of 22 and 18?days at 19 and 28?°C, respectively. Under these conditions, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.139 and 0.170 individuals/female/day, respectively.     

Biology of Agistemus olivi,a new predator of eriophyid mites infesting olive trees in Egypt

Life history and prey consumption of the predatory stigmaeid mite Agistemus olivi Romeih, as affected by feeding on the motile stages of the olive bud mite Aceria oleae Nalepa and the olive rust mite Tegolophus hassani Keifer (Acari : Eriophyidae), has been studied for the first time at different temperatures and 70–75% r.h. A greater capability was shown for consuming the olive bud mite than the olive rust mite and the former prey relatively induced more fecundity. The rise of different temperatures from 20°C to 25°C and 30°C shortened development and increased reproduction and prey consumption. The maximum reproduction (6.92 and 6.08 eggs ♀ day) was recorded at the higher temperature, while the minimum reproduction (1.50 and 1.30 eggs ♀ day) was observed for A. oleae and T. hassani, respectively.     

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the rate of development,fecundity and life table parameters of the red spider mite Oligonychus mangiferus (Rahman and Sapra) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Studies on biology of Oligonychus mangiferus (Rahman and Sapra) at combination of eight constant temperatures and relative humidities (RHs) viz., 7.0°C with 85% RH, 10°C with 80% RH, 15.0°C with 75% RH, 23.0°C with 70% RH, 31.0°C with 65% RH, 34.0°C with 65% RH, 36.0°C with 60% RH and 40.0°C with 55% RH revealed that the optimal condition for the development of these mites are 15.0–31.0°C and 65–75% RH. The highest temperature and the lowest RH accelerated the rate of development and induced more reproduction of O. mangiferus. Its population also multiplied 30.81 times in a generation time of 27.36 days at 31.0°C and 65% RH, while the same population only increased 7.46 times in a generation time of 48.07 days at 15.0°C and 75% RH. Fecundity was highest at 31.0°C and 65% RH with 46.43 eggs per female. The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase was observed at 31.0°C as 0.125 per day.     

Bionomics and control of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari:Tarsonemidae)

The broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) was studied for one season (2009/2010) on three pepper cultivars (Travita, Top star and Habeba) in the nethouses in Egypt. The tarsonemid mite was fed upon by the predatory phytoseiid mite Amblyseius swirskii (Athias–Henriot). Population abundance of the tarsonemid pepper prey was affected by climatic conditions and predation. A control measure of one preventive treatment in nursery and two successive curative treatments, applied mid-September, in nethouses seemed to be the most successful management of the harmful mite. The effect of constant different temperatures on P. latus development, reproduction and population growth was investigated. At 11?°C, all activity ceased and by 36?°C the adult began to slow down. Life table parameters varied greatly, especially at 21?°C and 75%?R.H.     

Biological studies ofAmblyseius olivi,a new predator of eriophyid mites infesting olive trees in Egypt [Acari: Phytoseiidae]

The development was faster and reproduction was higher whenAmblyseius olivi Nasr & Abou-Awad fed on the eriophyid miteEriophyes olivi Zaher & Abou-Awad. The duration increased and reproduction decreased on the tetranychid miteTetranychus (T.) uriticae Koch. The predator female consumed daily 120 and 8 individuals ofE. olivi andT. (T.) uriticae respectively. The daily reproduction was as low as 0.6–0.3 eggs/♂/day when females were maintained on royal jelly, molasses, honey or their combinations.

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Résumé Le développement était plus rapide et la reproduction était plus élevée quandAmblyseius olivi Nasr & Abou-Awad se nourrissait de l'Eriophyide:Eriophyes olivi Zaher & Abou-Awad. La durée augmentait et la reproduction décroissait avecTetranychus urticae Koch. Le prédateur femelle consommait quotidiennement 120 et 8 individus deE. olivi et deT. (T) urticae. respectivement. La reproduction quotidienne était faible 0,6–0,3 œuf/♂/jour quand les femelles étaient maintenues sur gelée royale, molasses, miel ou leurs combinaisons.

     

Comparison between the toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids and other compounds to the predacious miteAmblyseius gossipi (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae)

This work involves a comparison between the toxicity of four synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin, flucythrinate, fenvalerate and cyfluthrin), two organophosphorus compounds (pyridaphenthion and methamidophos) and a chlorinated hydrocarbon (dicofol) to the predacious miteAmblyseius gossipi El-Badry. Direct application of cypermethrin, flucythrinate and fenvalerate was moderately toxic to the adult females, while cyfluthrin was highly toxic. The most toxic compounds were pyridaphenthion and methamidophos, while the least toxic was dicofol. Residues of the synthetic pyrethroids, even at a non-toxic level, interrupted oviposition and decreased reproduction dramatically. Ingestion of cypermethrin, cyfluthrin and pyridaphenthion did not significantly increase mortality but significantly decreased the daily average egg production. In the case of cypermethrin and cyfluthrin, an increase in consumption of treated prey per day increased mortality at the higher density while egg production progressively decreased with cypermethrin, cyfluthrin and pyridaphenthion respectively.     

Life history of the predatory mite Lasioseius athiasae (Acari, Ascidae) on various kinds of food substances: a polypeptide analysis of prey consideration

The predacious ascid mite Lasioseius athiasae Nawar and Nasr was found in association with herbaceous plants, fallen leaves and in debris under deciduous fruit trees. The larvae fed and developed on different prey, such as 'motile stages of the eriophyid grass mite Aceria dioscoridis (Soliman and Abou-Awad), eggs of house fly Musca domestica L., nymphs of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, and eggs of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood. Eriophyids of grasses caused the immature stages to develop faster than did other prey. During the oviposition period, daily consumtion by a female of L. athiasae was 97  A. dioscoridis , four M. domestica eggs, and 10 T. urticae nymphs . The average number of eggs/female per day was 3.21, 1.63 and 1.26 for the above-mentioned prey, respectively. A low rate was recorded on M. incognita eggs (0.35). The intrinsic rate of increase ( rm ) was increased when fed on A. dioscoridis , but decreased on other prey species. The multiplication per generation ( R _o) was 44.73 times in a generation time ( T ) of 17.92 days when fed on eriophyids. The eriophyid grass mite proved to be the more suitable prey. The polypeptide analysis of different prey revealed that A. dioscoridis has the most important contents in both number (11 polypeptides) or total molecular weight (682 kDa).     

Effect of synthetic pyrethroids and other compounds on the susceptibility and development of the egg stage of the predacious miteAmblyseius gossipi [Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae]

Eggs from a laboratory culture ofAmblyseius gossipi El-Badry laid on cotton strands were placed on leaf discs and sprayed with various pesticides or water for 40 s. The eggs were allowed to dry and then transferred to new discs. Compounds tested were cypermethrin, flucythrinate, fenvalerate, cyfluthrin, pyridaphenthion, methamidophos, dichlorvos and dicofol. Only methamidophos was inactive on the egg stage. When sprayed at a level of 400 ppm, eggs were highly susceptible to flucythrinate, cyfluthrin, pyridaphenthion, and fenvalerate and were slightly susceptible to dichlorvos and dicofol. Viability of eggs decreased as the concentration of the effective compounds increased. Older eggs were more sensitive than younger ones. None of the larvae from eggs treated with flucythrinate and pyridaphenthion were able to develop beyond the larval stage.

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Résumé Les œufs d'un élevage de laboratoire d'Amblyseius gossipi El-Badry pondus sur des fibres de coton furent placés sur des disques de feuille et traités avec des produits phytosanitaires variés ou de l'eau durant 40 s. Les œufs une fois ressuyés furent transférés sur de nouveaux disques. Les composés testés furent la cypermethrine, le flucythrinate, le fenvalerate, le cyfluthrine, le pyridaphenthion, le metamidophos, le dichlorvos et le dicofol. Seul le methamidophos était inactif sur le stade œuf. Traités à la dose de 400 ppm, les œufs furent très sensibles au flucythrinate, au cyfluthrine, au pyridaphenthion et au fenvalerate et légèrement sensible au dichlorvos et au dicofol. La variabilité des œufs décroissait comme augmentait la concentration des composés efficaces. Des œufs agés furent plus sensibles que des œufs plus jeunes. Aucune des larves issues d'œufs traités au flucythrinate et au pyridaphenthion n'étaient capables de se développer au-delà du stade larvaire.

     

Susceptibility of the tomato russet mite,Aculops lycopersici (Acari: Eriophyidae), in Egypt to methamidophos,pyridaphenthion, cypermethrin,dicofol and fenarimol

Resistance has developed in the tomato russet mite,Aculops lycopersici (Massee) to the organophosphate, methamidophos. Laboratory studies showed thatA. lycopersici which received methamidophos for 3 years was highly tolerant. In contrast, it was very susceptible to dicofol and pyridaphenthion, and susceptible to cypermethrin. Pyridaphenthion and dicofol had long residual activity whereas methamidophos and cypermethrin had shorter activity.