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1.
Karl H. Summer Dominik Klein Nada de Ruiter Josef Abel 《Biological trace element research》1989,21(1):165-169
In the present study we report on the effects of commonly used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on metallothionein (MT)
and MT-I mRNA levels. A single dose of chloroquine (100 mg/kg), diclofenac (100 mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), or piroxicam
(100 mg/kg) was administered ip to C57B1 mice. After 18 h, MT levels were determined with a Cd-saturation radioassay. MT-I
mRNA levels were measured by Northern Blot analyses using a probe containing the mouse MT-I gene. All drugs tested caused
an increase in the MT content of the liver but not of the kidneys and lung. The lowest and highest effects were observed with
chloroquine (8 times the control value) and diclofenac (18 times), respectively. In accordance with the stimulation of MT
synthesis, increased accumulation of hepatic MT-I mRNA could be demonstrated.
These results indicate that elevated MT levels may contribute to the effectiveness of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 相似文献
2.
Heraclenin, a furocoumarin with an epoxide group in its side chain, was analyzed to see if it induced structural chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in human lymphocytes in vitro. The results were compared directly with those of imperatorin, which differs from heraclenin only in lacking an epoxide group. An equally strong clastogenic effect was found for both heraclenin and imperatorin: the number of metaphases with breaks was increased in both cases by approximately a factor of 6. Heraclenin produced a considerable dose-dependent increase in the SCE rate, i.e., by about 60 induced SCEs/metaphase, whereas imperatorin induced only about 4 SCEs/metaphase. The results are discussed with respect to the occurrence of structural aberrations, which are primarily due to the basic furocoumarin structure itself, whereas the large increase in the SCE rate produced by heraclenin is most probably significantly influenced by its epoxide group. 相似文献
3.
Isabel J. Wajda Miriam Banay-Schwartz Isaac Manigault Abel Lajtha 《Neurochemical research》1986,11(7):949-957
In vivo effects of chronic lithium administration on dopaminergic and serotonergic receptor binding were studied in the striatum and cerebral cortex of the rat. [3H]Domperidone was used as the ligand for the dopaminergic receptor, and [3H]ketanserin for the serotonergic system. Long-term ingestion of lithium (2–3 months) resulted in high levels of lithium in the cerebral cortex and significantly higher potassium levels; the sodium content remained at normal levels. The kinetic constants (K
d andB
max) of [3H]domperidone binding sites measured in the striatum did not show any deviation from control values, but the receptor concentration (B
max) of [3H]ketanserin binding sites was significantly reduced in the cerebral cortex of lithium-treated rats. The apparent dissociation constant (K
d) was not changed. The results indicate that the serotonergic component of the [3H]spiperone binding site, which we had previously found to be affected by chronic lithium treatment and which was shown by Peroutka and Snyder (1) to be the 5-HT2 receptor, is selectively affected by lithium.Special Issue dedicated to Prof. Eduardo De Robertis. 相似文献
4.
E. F. Abel 《Oecologia》1971,6(2):133-151
Zusammenfassung Erstmals konnten Putzsymbiosen zwischen Süßwasserfischen im natürlichen Biotop beobachtet werden. Die sowohl intra-als auch interspezifischen fakultativen Symbiosen wurden bei Bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus amarus), Laube (Alburnus alburnus), Schleie (Tica tinca), sowie bei juvenilen Rotaugen (Rutilus rutilus), Rotfedern (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) und Flußbarschen (Perca fluviatilis) festgestellt. Bei Übertragung der Putzstimmung im Schwarmverband kann ein Putzen im Kollektiv auftreten, wo jeder jeden putzt bzw. dazu auffordert. Das Ausgangsverhalten zum Geputztwerden ist die Einstellung der Lokomotion (Putzstarre), wobei die beobachteten Süßwasserfische im Gegensatz zu marinen Fischen selbst in der Aufforderungsstellung kompensatorische Flossenbewegungen durchführen. Diese einleitende Reglosigkeit kann bereits Putzen durch den Partner auslösen, dessen Bereitschaft mit zunehmender Schrägstellung des Putzkunden gesteigert wird. Das Kopfabwärtsstehen erfolgt durch passives Absinken des Körpervorderteiles, woraus sich stammesgeschichtlich das aktive Schräg-bis Kopfstehen als Aufforderungssignal entwickelt haben dürfte (Laube, Rotfeder, Rotauge). Wahrscheinlich kann die steile Aufforderungsstellung durch Selbstdressur und durch Nachahmen individuell gelernt werden. Fische, die auffordernde Partner anschwimmen, nehmen bei diesen häufig statt zu putzen ebenfalls die Aufforderungsstellung ein; entweder durch Stimmungsübertragung, oder das Anschwimmen erfolgte bereits in der Erwartung, dort ebenfalls geputzt zu werden. Selten treten Kopfzucken (Alburnus) oder Körperrütteln (Scardinius) als wahrscheinlich zusätzliche Aufforderungssignale auf. Attrappenversuche zeigen, daß alle Details des auffordernden Fisches realisiert sein müssen, um als Aufforderung zu wirken, was auf einen gelerten Auslösemechanismus schließen läßt. Die juvenilen Flußbarsche zeigen als Aufforderung neben leichter Schrägstellung ein Zeitlupen-Scheuern vor dem Partner im freien Wasser, was aus dem Verhalten des Normalscheuerns der selbständigen Körperreinigung abzuleiten ist, wobei der Bitterling Zwischenstufen aufweist (Schein-Scheuern).Ein weit ausholender Schwansschlag, möglicherweise ein ÜbersprungverhaIten, löst die Spannung der Putzstarre. Diese überbetonte Intentionsbewegung zum Schwimmstart läßt noch keinen Ansatz zur Signalbildung erkennen. Zu denken wäre an das Körperschütteln mancher Putzkunden tropischer Meere, um die spezialisierten Putzerfische fortzuschicken. Diese fehlen jedoch im einheimischen Süßwasser, wodurch auch das Überwiegen der Putzaufforderungen gegenüber der Putztätigkeit verständlich wird.
Summary Cleaning symbioses are described for the first time between fresh water fishes in their natural habitat. The symbioses are only facultative and were observed intra-and intorspecifically between members of the species Rhodeus amarus, Alburnus alburnus, Tinca, tinca and juvenile Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus and Perca fluviatilis.When the motivation to become cleaned is transmitted within a school of fish, mutual cleaning and inviting each other is common. The first stage in cleaning behaviour is cessation of movement and maintenance of a rigid posture which in these species of fish—contrary to marine species—is accompanied by compensatory fin movements.The more vertical the motionless posture of a fish the more active is the cleaning response of the partner. The vertical position is attained by passive sliding down of the head part. This form of display may be learned individually by imitation and (or) by trial and error.Fish approaching an inviting partner very often assume the invitation posture themselves instead of starting with the cleaning activity. This may be explained by transmission of the mood of invitation or because the invitation display raises the expectation in the approaching fish to become cleaned. Occasionally the invitation display is enhanced by head jerks (in Alburnus) or by body wriggling (in Scardinius).Tests with dummies prove that all details of the invitation pattern have to be fulfilled in order to make it acceptable as such by the partner. This points towards a learned releasing mechanism. Juveniles of Perca fluviatilis, besides assuming a slightly oblique posture, also show an additional feature of the invitation display by slow rubbing motions in front of swimming partners. This sslow motion rubbing may have developed from the normal cleaning behaviour which consists in rubbing the body against the ground. Intermediate stages between these two functions of rubbing motions are shown by Rhodeus amarus (apparent rubbing).The motionless posture of invitation is broken by a large beating of the tail, which may be a displacement activity. This exaggerated intention movement has, however, not yet evolved into a social signal, comparable, for example, to the body shaking of some marine fish by which these induce their cleaners to leave. There are no specialized cleaning fishes in fresh water which explains the dominance of invitation dispays over cleaning activities.相似文献
5.
Masashi Yamaguchi Theodore Yanos Tomoko Yamaguchi Abel Lajtha 《Developmental neurobiology》1969,1(4):419-433
When rat sciatic nerves were incubated with C14l-lysine, l- or d-glutamate, or d-l γ-aminoisobutyrate, the labeled compounds penetrated the nerve, and the level of lysine and leucine after 1 hr was higher in the nerve than in the medium. The level increased with time, and at 24 hr glutamate levels also were higher in the nerve than in the medium. Lowering the temperature strongly inhibited uptake, while other conditions such as absence of glucose, absence of sodium, or the presence of cyanide inhibited uptake by nerve less than uptake by brain slices. The uptake against a concentration gradient, and inhibitions of this uptake by metabolic inhibitors and by structural analogs, were interpreted as showing the presence of transport processes for amino acids in peripheral nerves with characteristics similar to such transport processes in the central nervous system. 相似文献
6.
Conclusions Incubation of competent cells ofB. subtilis with a DNA-like subviral entity from vaccinia virus leads to the formation of complete vaccinia virus in the bacteria. The significance of this finding in regard to the concept of a universal genetic code is discussed.With 2 Figures in the TextA preliminary report of these results was presented at the XI. International Congress of Genetics in The Hague, September, 1963.Habilitandenstipendiat 1962/63 of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. 相似文献
7.
8.
Ferritin H gene polymorphism in idiopathic hemochromatosis 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Véronique David Panos Papadopoulos Jacqueline Yaouanq Martine Blayau Laurent Abel Elizabetta Zappone Muriel Perichon Jim Drysdale Jean-Yves Le Gall Marcel Simon 《Human genetics》1989,82(2):123-126
Summary We have analysed karyotypes and DNA from three patients with aniridia (congenital absence of irises) and Wilms' tumour. All three had constitutional deletions from the short arm of chromosome 11. The minimum region of overlap of the deletion involves a small region of band 11p13 presumed to contain the genetic loci responsible for both phenotypic abnormalities. Using cells from these patients, somatic cell hybrids with transformed mouse cells have been prepared. Individual subclones retaining either the deletion-11 chromosome or the normal chromosome 11, in addition to a variety of other human chromosomes, have been identified. The relative position of these breakpoints have been determined and the panel of hybrids has been used to map randomly-isolated 11p13 DNA sequences. The characterisation of these deletions has provided a useful panel of hybrids for random mapping strategies designed to identify the Wilms' and aniridia genes. 相似文献
9.
The potential contribution of maternal age to tetrahydrocannabinol's (THC) in utero effects in rats was studied. Pregnant animals were intubated with 25, 10 or 0 mg/kg of THC from gestation day six to parturition. Animals in the 10 and 0 mg/kg groups were pair fed to those given the 25 mg/kg dose. Each series of doses was administered to females three, four or six months of age. THC lowered maternal weight gain and weights of offspring at birth and at 21 days of age, but did not affect litter size, spontaneous alternation or passive avoidance learning in offspring. Increased maternal age was associated with smaller litter size and lower birth weight and weight at 21 days, but did not interact significantly with THC. 相似文献
10.
Thievery,home ranges,and nestmate recognition inEctatomma ruidum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Thievery of food items among colonies of a ponerine ant,Ectatomma ruidum was common; nonnestmates in colonies or near the colony entrances receive incoming food items and carry them to their own
colony. In our study area 7 of 10 colonies were victimized by thief ants. Colonies have discrete home ranges and home range
size is correlated with the number of workers in the colony. Worker ants discriminate nestmates from non-nestmates when non-nestmates
are presented at colony entrances, but individuals from different colonies were not observed to engage in agonistic interactions
away from nest entrances. Non-nestmates gain entrance to colonies when the entrance is unguarded. Many instances of non-nestmates
being removed from colonies by residents were observed. The costs and benefits of theft under these circumstances are considered. 相似文献