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Production of trichothecene and non-trichothecene mycotoxins by Fusarium species isolated from maize in Minnesota 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eighty-two cultures of Fusarium species isolated in 1986 from moldy maize in Minnesota were each cultured on rice for 4 weeks and found to produce the following mycotoxins: F. graminearum isolates, deoxynivalenol (DON, 4–225 g/g), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON, 2–4g/g), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON, 1–35 g/g) and zearalenone (ZEA, 5–4350 g/g); F. moniliforme, fusarin C (detectable amounts to 1000 g/g); F. mòniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans isolates, moniliformin (15–6775 g/g); F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans isolates, fusaric acid (detectable amounts). Other mycotoxins screened for in each rice sample and not detected were T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, T-2 tetraol, nivalenol, fusarenon-X, scirpenols, alpha and beta trans-zearalenols, wortmannin, and fusarochromanone. The rat feeding bioassay indicated that other, unidentified toxins may be present. 相似文献
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A minority of 46,XX true hermaphrodites are positive for the Y-DNA sequence including SRY 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ken McElreavey Raphaël Rappaport Eric Vilain Nacer Abbas François Richaud Stéphen Lortat-Jacob Roland Berger Maryvonne LeConiat Chafika Boucekkine Kiran Kucheria Samia Temtamy Claire Nihoul-Fekete Raja Brauner Marc Fellous 《Human genetics》1992,90(1-2):121-125
Summary A total of 30 cases of 46,XX true hermaphroditism was analysed for Y-DNA sequences including the recently cloned gene for male testis-determination SRY. In 3 cases, a portion of the Y chromosome including SRY was present and, in 2 cases, was localised, to Xp22 by in situ hybridisation. Since previous studies have shown that the majority of XX males are generated by an X-Y chromosomal interchange, the Xp22 position of the Yp material suggests that certain cases of hermaphroditism can arise by the same meiotic event. The phenotype in the 3 SRY-positive cases may be caused by X-inactivation resulting in somatic mosaicism of testis-determining factor expression giving rise to both testicular and ovarian tissues. Autosomal or X-linked mutation(s) elsewhere in the sex-determining pathway may explain the phenotype observed in the remaining 27 SRY-negative cases. 相似文献
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Mycotoxins and Fusarium spp. associated with infected ears of corn in Minnesota. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
H K Abbas C J Mirocha R A Meronuck J D Pokorny S L Gould T Kommedahl 《Applied microbiology》1988,54(8):1930-1933
Five Fusarium species were isolated from the grain of dent corn (Zea mays) selected from 20 of 32 damaged fields in 10 counties in Minnesota on the basis of hyphal growth visible on kernels in the field. Three mycotoxins were identified in the infected ears: zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol. This is the first report of the presence of 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol on corn ears in the field prior to harvest and in combination with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Ninety-nine cultures were selected from colonies growing from kernels on an agar medium; 30% of the cultures were F. graminearum, 23% were F. subglutinans, 20% were F. moniliforme, 14% were F. oxysporum, and 12% were F. proliferatum. 相似文献
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Samples of wheat naturally infected by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe were obtained from mills in Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, and Minnesota and fields in Nebraska and Kansas in 1982; they were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (DON). The wheat was milled, and DON was found throughout all the milling fractions (bran, shorts, reduction flour, and break flour). The DON recoveries for each mill run ranged from 90 to 98%. These samples, regardless of DON concentration, also gave similar fractional distributions of DON. The greatest (21 ppm [21 micrograms/g]) concentration of DON was found in the bran, and the smallest (1 ppm) was found in the break flour. Cleaning and milling were not effective in removing DON; DON was not destroyed in the bread baked from the naturally contaminated whole wheat flour, but the effect on its concentration in the samples analyzed varied, the reduction ranging from 19 to 69%. The percent reduction found in the cleaned wheat ranged from 6 to 19%. DON concentrations in the following commercially made breads, caraway rye, seedless rye, and pumpernickel, were 45 ppb (ng/g), 39 ppb, and 0 ppb, respectively. The limits of detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography for DON were 0.5 and 10 ng, respectively. 相似文献
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Benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (3) was obtained by deacetalation of its 4,6-O-benzylidene derivative (2). Compound 2 was prepared by methylation of benzyl 2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranoside with methyl iodide-silver oxide in N,N-dimethylformamide. Diol 3 was selectively benzoylated and p-toluenesulfonylated, to give the 6-benzoic and 6-p-toluenesulfonic esters (4 and 5, respectively). Displacement of the sulfonyl group of 5 with sodium benzoxide in benzyl alcohol afforded the 6-O-benzyl derivative (6). Glycosylation of 4 with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl bromide (7) in dichloromethane, in the presence of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea, furnished the disaccharide derivative 8. Similar glycosylation of compound 6 with bromide 7 gave the disaccharide derivative 10. O-Deacetylation of 8 and 10 afforded disaccharides 9 and 11. The structure of compound 9 was established by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Hydrogenolysis of the benzyl groups of 11 furnished the disaccharide 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-3-O-methyl-d-glucopyranose (N-acetyl-3-O-methyllactosamine). 相似文献
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