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MASSIMILIANO DEMATTEIS JULIAN MOLERO MARIA BETIANA ANGULO ANNA M. ROVIRA 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2007,153(2):221-230
Mitotic or meiotic chromosome numbers for 42 accessions belonging to 39 species of different genera of Asteraceae were determined. First chromosome counts are reported for one genus ( Gymnocoronis ), 14 species, and one variety. These are as follows: Solidago chilensis var. megapotamica (2 n = 2 x = 18), Chromolaena barbacensis (2 n = 3 x = 30), Chromolaena christieana (2 n = 3 x = 30), Chromolaena hirsuta (2 n = 4 x = 40), Chromolaena verbenacea ( n = 20 II, 2 n = 4 x = 40), Disynaphia multicrenulata (2 n = 2 x = 20), Gymnocoronis spilanthoides var. subcordata (2 n = 2 x = 20), Mikania thapsoides (2 n = 4 x = 68), Stevia commixta (2 n = 2 x = 22), Porophyllum brevifolium (2 n = 4 x = 44), Viguiera rojasii (2 n = 2 x = 34), Pterocaulon angustifolium (2 n = 2 x = 20), Gochnatia haumaniana (2 n = 4 x = 44), Senecio ostenii (2 n = 4 x = 40), Senecio pinnatus (2 n = 8 x = 80), and Lepidaploa amambaia (2 n = 2 x = 28). Chromosome numbers differing from those reported previously in the literature were found in Campuloclinium macrocephalum (2 n = 2 x = 20), Melanthera latifolia (2 n = 4 x = 60), Chrysolaena flexuosa (2 n = 2 x = 20), and Cyrtocymura cincta (2 n = 4 x = 40). The relevance of the results is discussed in relation to the available data for each of the analysed taxa. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 153 , 221–230. 相似文献
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OFELIA ANGULO KIYOAKI OKAYAMA TSUKASA NAKAMURA RANDALL YUEN MICHAEL O'MAHONY 《Journal of sensory studies》2009,24(2):258-268
Besides responses to the different stimuli being tested in a paired preference test, responses to identical \"placebo\" stimuli can be used as a screening tool to identify biased consumers. Those consumers who give preference responses to identical stimuli can be assumed to be biased. Accordingly, only the data from unbiased consumers need to be considered for the different stimuli. The problem with this procedure is that the sample size is reduced. The goal of the present research was to see whether using options associated with purchase intent, elicited a greater number of \"No Preference\" responses to identical \"placebo\" stimuli. It was found that they did. The increase was large when the preference options implied exclusivity. In conditions where the preference strength options were not so strong, the frequency of \"No Preference\" responses dropped accordingly.
A problem with paired preference testing is the tendency of consumers to give false preferences, which produces the seriously misleading overestimation of the proportion of consumers who have preferences for one or other of the products being assessed. The \"placebo\" condition is an important control for alleviating this problem. The statistical analysis can be improved by finding a protocol that maximizes the proportion of \"No Preference\" responses in the placebo condition. The key finding here is that using purchase intent questions rather than preference questions may possibly provide a way of achieving this aim. 相似文献
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
A problem with paired preference testing is the tendency of consumers to give false preferences, which produces the seriously misleading overestimation of the proportion of consumers who have preferences for one or other of the products being assessed. The \"placebo\" condition is an important control for alleviating this problem. The statistical analysis can be improved by finding a protocol that maximizes the proportion of \"No Preference\" responses in the placebo condition. The key finding here is that using purchase intent questions rather than preference questions may possibly provide a way of achieving this aim. 相似文献
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Food consumption and growth variations related to several dosagesof heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Hg and Pb) in diet were studied inthe terrestrial slug Arion ater for 27 days of experimentaltreatment. The work reported here is part of a larger project to investigatethe histological effects of metal exposure in pulmonate gastropods. Graphics on food consumption and growth vs. time for each metal,and regression for each behaviour observed are presented. (Received 30 May 1985; 相似文献