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This study aimed to identify the sister group of the poorly known and morphologically isolated Burmese species Quedius lineipennis within the tribe Staphylinini (Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) using morphological characters. Phylogenetic analysis of a broad taxon sample demonstrated that this Asian species is not a member of the genus Quedius but forms the sister taxon to the Neotropical genus Quediomacrus. Both taxa were shown to be members of a hitherto unrecognized lineage with a highly disjunct distribution. The lineage is hypothesized to be Asian in origin, with dispersals to the Americas during the early Eocene climatic maximum via Beringia and to Australia via land connections in the late Miocene. The current distribution of the lineage is considered to be relictual. New phylogenetic hypotheses within ‘Quediina’ and Staphylinini as a whole are proposed and the general tree topology of Staphylinini recovered by recent morphological studies is refined. Phylogenetic relationships within the Quedius complex remain unclear. Alesiella Brunke and Solodovnikov gen.n. , is erected for Quedius lineipennis and the Quedius subgenus Quedionuchus is reinstated to genus level with new combinations as follows: Quedionuchus atl (Smetana, 1975), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus calli (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus cipactli (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus coatl (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus ehacatl (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus ollin (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus ozomatli (Smetana, 1975), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus reitterianus (Bernhauer, 1944), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus samuraicus (Bernhauer and Schubert, 1916), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus schultzei (Smetana, 1975), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus tecpatl (Smetana, 1976), comb.n. ; Quedionuchus xochitl (Smetana, 1976). Quedius lugubris Lokay, 1913 is transferred from the subgenus Quedionuchus to the subgenus Distichalius and placed in synonymy: Quedius punctatellus (Heer, 1839) = Quedius lugubris Lokay, 1913, syn.n . This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9C7D3C90‐FCB9‐414F‐911B‐194A1A6602DE . 相似文献
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ALEXEY V. F. Ch. BOBROV JOHN DRANSFIELD FLS MIKHAIL S. ROMANOV EKATERINA S. ROMANOVA 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2012,168(4):377-394
The Malesian genus Eugeissona, with six species, is sister to all other Calamoideae, which are in turn sister to all other Arecaceae. The structure of its gynoecium and fruit is thus potentially of great interest in understanding gynoecium evolution in calamoid palms and in Arecaceae as a whole. The wall of the incompletely trilocular gynoecium of Eugeissona is thick and differentiated into several topographic zones, with a well‐developed vascular system even before pollination. During gynoecium and fruit development, the outer and inner epidermises are little specialized and form the exocarp and endocarp (obliterated in the mature fruit), respectively. In contrast, the mesophyll of the carpels differentiates strongly and is markedly specialized: four massive topographic zones are easily distinguished within the mesocarp. The peripheral zone of the mesocarp forms the body of the scales (a synapomorphy for Calamoideae). The second and the fourth zones are multilayered and parenchymatous with a massive derived vascular system in the former. The third zone of the mesocarp comprises a stout sclerenchymatous pyrene, made of fibre‐like sclereids, the innermost bundles of the derived vascular system and dorsal, ventral and lateral vascular bundles. The fruits of all other Calamoideae lack the sclerenchymatous pyrene and thus differ dramatically from Eugeissona fruits. The similarity of the processes of histogenesis during gynoecium and fruit development in Eugeissona with those in Nypa and borassoid palms, suggests these features could be plesiomorphic for the family. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 168 , 377–394. 相似文献
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EWA PIETRYKOWSKA‐TUDRUJ BERNARD STANIEC ALEXEY SOLODOVNIKOV 《Systematic Entomology》2012,37(2):360-378
Quedius antipodum Sharp is an endemic species from New Zealand. Here we describe its larva, the first of the species‐rich group of the south temperate ‘Quedius’ spp. This finding throws light on the controversy between the conventional systematics of Quedius Stephens and newer phylogenetic analyses, both of which are based on non‐larval characters only. We compare the larva of Q. antipodum with those of the north temperate Quedius (Quediina), where it was traditionally placed, and with the known larvae of Amblyopinina, a group where Q. antipodum was placed by recent phylogenetic studies. Sister‐group relationships of Q. antipodum within the tribe Staphylinini are explored based on larvae by means of parsimony analysis: 77 morphological characters scored for 20 species from 17 genera. Consistent with the adult morphology and DNA sequences, larvae‐based cladistic analysis confirms that Q. antipodum should not be placed in the north temperate genus Quedius. However, larval analysis alone remains dubious with respect to finding the exact sister relationships of that species. 相似文献
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OLIVER ZERBE ALEXEY NEUMOIN JIRI MARES RETO WALSER RETO WALSER CHAO ZOU 《Journal of receptor and signal transduction research》2013,33(5-6):487-504
In this review a structural approach developed to answer the question whether hormones from the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family are recognized directly from solution or from the membrane-bound state is described. The chosen strategy is built onto a comparison of a set of peptides with well-known pharmacology and investigates whether similarities of structures of pharmacologically related peptides are higher in solution or in the membrane-bound state. Moreover, we have established the membrane-association mode of these peptides and contributed to our understanding of the structural features of these hormones both when placed in bulk solution and when bound to membranes. As a result we propose a receptor recognition pathway that includes initial association with the membrane and requires the peptides to come off the membrane to diffuse into the binding pocket of the receptor. This review also presents methodology recently developed by us to simulate the structural transition the peptides undergo when diffusing from bulk solution onto the membrane. 相似文献
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ALEXEY V. F. CH. BOBROV PETER K. ENDRESS ALEXANDER P. MELIKIAN MIKHAIL S. ROMANOV ALEXEY N. SOROKIN ALEJANDRO PALMAROLA BEJERANO 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2005,148(3):265-274
The indehiscent fruitlets of the apparently basalmost extant angiosperm, Amborella trichopoda, have a pericarp that is differentiated into five zones, a thin one‐cell‐layered skin (exocarp), a thick fleshy zone of 25–35 cell layers (outer mesocarp), a thick, large‐celled sclerenchymatous zone (unlignified) of 6–18 cell layers (middle mesocarp), a single cell layer with thin‐walled (silicified?) cells (inner mesocarp), and a 2–4‐cell‐layered, small‐celled sclerenchymatous zone (unlignified) derived from the inner epidermis (endocarp). The border between inner and outer mesocarp is not even but the inner mesocarp forms a network of ridges and pits; the ridges support the vascular bundles, which are situated in the outer mesocarp. In accordance with previous observations by Bailey & Swamy, no ethereal oil cells were observed in the pericarp; however, lysigenous cavities as mentioned by these authors are also lacking; they seem to be an artefact caused by re‐expanding dried fruits. The seed coat is not sclerified. The fruitlets of Amborella differ from externally similar fruits or fruitlets in other basal angiosperms, such as Austrobaileyales or Laurales, in their histology. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 148 , 265–274. 相似文献
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Metalloproteinases have a critical role in a broad spectrum of cellular processes ranging from the breakdown of extracellular matrix to the processing of signal transduction-related proteins. These hydrolytic functions underlie a variety of mechanisms related to developmental processes as well as disease states. Structural analysis of metalloproteinases from both invertebrate and vertebrate species indicates that these enzymes are highly conserved and arose early during metazoan evolution. In this regard, studies from various laboratories have reported that a number of classes of metalloproteinases are found in hydra, a member of Cnidaria, the second oldest of existing animal phyla. These studies demonstrate that the hydra genome contains at least three classes of metalloproteinases to include members of the 1) astacin class, 2) matrix met-alloproteinase class, and 3) neprilysin class. Functional studies indicate that these metalloproteinases play diverse and important roles in hydra morphogenesis and ce 相似文献
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The fossil genus of rove beetles Apticax gen.n . with two new species, A. volans sp.n . and A. solidus sp.n., is described from the Nova Olinda Member of the Crato Formation in north‐eastern Brazil (Aptian–Albian, dated as 125–99.6 Ma old). Both species belong to the clade Staphylininae + Paederinae in the staphylinine group of subfamilies and are the first fossil true Staphylinidae to be described from the entire Southern Hemisphere. Although they resemble Paederinae, the low number of satisfactorily preserved characters do not allow definite placement of either A. volans or A. solidus in any of the subfamilies of Staphylinidae. 相似文献
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ALEXEY B. SHIPUNOV MICHAEL F. FAY MARK W. CHASE 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2005,147(3):257-274
Four plastid markers, four nuclear markers and 14 morphometric characters were used in this study to investigate the evolution of Dactylorhiza baltica (Orchidaceae) in European Russia. In total, 98, 214 and 775 samples from 85, 112 and 121 populations were involved in the combined and separate molecular and morphometric analyses, respectively. In most cases, morphometric measures were done on exactly the same plants that were used for DNA studies. Dactylorhiza baltica plants from European Russia are most probably the products of several recent and mostly local hybridization events between the diploids D. fuchsii and D. incarnata , which have each been the maternal parent on different occasions. Considerable introgression into the parental diploids via the allopolyploid D. baltica is also hypothesized. Several morphological characters, such as length of the lip lateral lobe and the length of longest leaf, were found to be robust and could be useful in identification of D. baltica . This study demonstrates the advantage of 'combined' techniques, especially in the case of taxonomically complex taxa. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 147 , 257–274. 相似文献