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TANIA ESCALANTE GERARDO RODRÍGUEZ JUAN J. MORRONE 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2004,83(3):327-339
The boundary between the Nearctic and Neotropical regions has been delineated using different approaches, methods and taxa. Using a panbiogeographical approach, identification of nodes can help understand the dynamics and evolution of the boundary. We analysed the distribution patterns of 46 Mexican land mammal species belonging to the Nearctic biotic component and delineated generalized tracks and nodes, in order to determine the southernmost boundary of the Nearctic region in Mexico. We found six generalized tracks and nine nodes; the latter located largely in the Sierra Madre Oriental, Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre del Sur and Chiapas biogeographical provinces. The highlands of Chiapas were found to represent the southernmost area inhabited by Nearctic taxa. The other biogeographical provinces, together with the Sierra Madre Occidental and Balsas Basin provinces, represent the Mexican transition zone in the strict sense. Instead of a classic static boundary, this transition zone represents an evolutionarily 'active' zone, where several speciation events have taken place in the past. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 83 , 327–339. 相似文献
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Robert J. SORENG Paul M. PETERSON Konstantin ROMASCHENKO Gerrit DAVIDSE Fernando O. ZULOAGA Emmet J. JUDZIEWICZ Tarciso S. FILGUEIRAS Jerrold I. DAVIS Osvaldo MORRONE 《植物分类学报:英文版》2015,53(2):117-137
Based on recent molecular and morphological studies we present a modern worldwide phylogenetic classification of the ± 12074 grasses and place the 771 grass genera into 12 subfamilies (Anomochlooideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, Bambusoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, Micraioideae, Oryzoideae, Panicoideae, Pharoideae, Puelioideae, and Pooideae), 6 supertribes (Andropogonodae, Arundinarodae, Bambusodae, Panicodae, Poodae, Triticodae), 51 tribes (Ampelodesmeae, Andropogoneae, Anomochloeae, Aristideae, Arundinarieae, Arundineae, Arundinelleae, Atractocarpeae, Bambuseae, Brachyelytreae, Brachypodieae, Bromeae, Brylkinieae, Centotheceae, Centropodieae, Chasmanthieae, Cynodonteae, Cyperochloeae, Danthonieae, Diarrheneae, Ehrharteae, Eragrostideae, Eriachneae, Guaduellieae, Gynerieae, Hubbardieae, Isachneae, Littledaleeae, Lygeeae, Meliceae, Micraireae, Molinieae, Nardeae, Olyreae, Oryzeae, Paniceae, Paspaleae, Phaenospermateae, Phareae, Phyllorachideae, Poeae, Steyermarkochloeae, Stipeae, Streptochaeteae, Streptogyneae, Thysanolaeneae, Triraphideae, Tristachyideae, Triticeae, Zeugiteae, and Zoysieae), and 80 subtribes (Aeluropodinae, Agrostidinae, Airinae, Ammochloinae, Andropogoninae, Anthephorinae, Anthistiriinae, Anthoxanthinae, Arthraxoninae, Arthropogoninae, Arthrostylidiinae, Arundinariinae, Aveninae, Bambusinae, Boivinellinae, Boutelouinae, Brizinae, Buergersiochloinae, Calothecinae, Cenchrinae, Chionachninae, Chusqueinae, Coicinae, Coleanthinae, Cotteinae, Cteniinae, Cynosurinae, Dactylidinae, Dichantheliinae, Dimeriinae, Duthieinae, Eleusininae, Eragrostidinae, Farragininae, Germainiinae, Gouiniinae, Guaduinae, Gymnopogoninae, Hickeliinae, Hilariinae, Holcinae, Hordeinae, Ischaeminae, Loliinae, Melinidinae, Melocanninae, Miliinae, Monanthochloinae, Muhlenbergiinae, Neurachninae, Olyrinae, Orcuttiinae, Oryzinae, Otachyriinae, Panicinae, Pappophorinae, Parapholiinae, Parianinae, Paspalinae, Perotidinae, Phalaridinae, Poinae, Racemobambosinae, Rottboelliinae, Saccharinae, Scleropogoninae, Scolochloinae, Sesleriinae, Sorghinae, Sporobolinae, Torreyochloinae, Traginae, Trichoneurinae, Triodiinae, Tripogoninae, Tripsacinae, Triticinae, Unioliinae, Zizaniinae, and Zoysiinae). In addition, we include a radial tree illustrating the hierarchical relationships among the subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. We use the subfamilial name, Oryzoideae, over Ehrhartoideae because the latter was initially published as a misplaced rank, and we circumscribe Molinieae to include 13 Arundinoideae genera. The subtribe Calothecinae is newly described and the tribe Littledaleeae is new at that rank. 相似文献
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Bdelloid rotifers and nematodes in a small Italian stream 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
SUMMARY. The bdelloid rotifers and nematodes of a small clean watercourse in the area surrounding the Po river near Parma have been studied. The samples were collected at two sites 400 m apart. The species found in twelve collections of benthos between May 1977 and June 1978 were eighteen belonging to Bdelloidea and forty-seven to Nematoda (Tylenchida have not been considered). Nearly all the bdelloid species were oligosaprobic or beta-mesosaprobic; the Shannon index of diversity was 3.0 at the first site and 2.4 at the second. Among the Nematoda the dominant species were Paraplectonema pedunculatum and Paraphanolaimus anisitsi which were not previously recorded for Italy. Nearly all nematodes are microphagous; predators represent only 10% of collected specimens. Polluted water indicator species (Secernentia group) were only 3.5% of the total nematodes recorded. Most rotifers and nematodes did not show seasonal fluctuations in numbers. The two sampling sites do not seem to have substantial differences in the taxocoenosis of Rotifera and Nematoda; their percentage of similarity is 69% and 79% for the two classes respectively. 相似文献
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PAOLA MENSI ALDO LATTES SEBASTIANO SALVIDIO EMILIO BALLETTO 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》1988,93(3):259-271
Genetic relationships among 15 South West European populations of Polyommatus coridon were evaluated by the electrophoretic study of 16 gene-enzyme systems. Nei's indexes I and D and other statistics demonstrated that two different species are involved, identifiable as Polyommatus coridon (six populations from Southern France and Italy) and Polyommatus caelestissimus (nine populations from Spain), respectively. The Spanish complex is characterized by a different genetic balance, involving much higher degree of interdemic differentiation. It also differs from populations from France and Italy on one alternative locus showing complete fixation. Species-level distinction is independent of haploid chromosome numbers that vary from 87 to 88 in both groups. An evaluation of selective pressures as operated by climatic factors was attempted. The Pleistocene radiation of this group and consequent patterns of the gene flow were reconstructed using spatial autocorrelation analysis. 相似文献
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FRANCESCA BELLUSCI ALDO MUSACCHIO ANNA MARIA PALERMO GIUSEPPE PELLEGRINO 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2010,162(4):572-580
Knowledge of genetic spatial structure may provide insights into the causes of population disjunctions in plants. Serapias politisii is a narrow endemic with only a few populations scattered along the opposite coasts of the Otranto strait (southern Adriatic Sea). It was originally considered to be of hybrid origin between S. vomeracea ssp. laxiflora and S. parviflora, a possibility suggested also by a DNA phylogenetic study that grouped Italian and Greek populations in two distinct clades. In this study we have carried out additional plastid DNA sequencing and an AFLP analysis of the three taxa. Whereas the geographical distribution of four plastid DNA haplotypes supports the likelihood of a double hybrid origin or of a plastid capture, AFLP data do not support such a hypothesis, because S. politisii shows several private alleles, some of which are shared by Italian and Greek populations. In light of the floristic specificity of the coasts bordering the Otranto strait, we consider that the present‐day disjunction of S. politisii could have originated either by a long‐distance seed dispersal or by a fragmentation of an old polymorphic population. The pairwise mismatch distribution excludes a recent expansion of the populations examined. In light of recent evidence concerning the Mediterranean Lago‐Mare period and the westward haplotype evolution detected in some Euro‐Mediterranean trees, we argue that fragmentation of a previously continuous population could be an intriguing possibility. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 162 , 572–580. 相似文献
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FRANCESCA BELLUSCI GIUSEPPE PELLEGRINO ANNA MARIA PALERMO ALDO MUSACCHIO 《Plant Species Biology》2010,25(1):68-76
Understanding the genetic architecture of admixed hybridizing populations helps in evaluating the nature of species boundaries and the levels of gene exchange between co-occurring species. In the present study, we examined a contact zone between Serapias vomeracea and Serapias cordigera , two unrewarding Mediterranean orchid species with a non-specific pollination strategy. Fruit production and seed viability from interspecific hand-pollination treatments pointed out the weaknesses of post-pollination barriers. The occurrence of hybridization was molecularly confirmed in the genus Serapias for the first time, as parts of plants with a transitional morphology were observed in both alleles of the parental LEAFY intron. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that plants with uncertain morphology and classified as one of the other parental species are actually backcrosses, attesting to an extensive interspecific gene exchange. Overall, the contact zone is more similar to a hybrid zone of Ophrys species, well known for their highly specialized pollination, than to a hybrid zone of unspecialized food-deceptive orchids. Therefore, species boundaries in Serapias are maintained by pre-pollination mechanisms that need to be better investigated. In light of the intriguing similarities between Serapias and Ophrys underlined by the present study, we hypothesize that the emission of floral scents could be involved in the maintenance of species boundaries in Serapias . 相似文献