Unsteady-state operation of continuous fermentor for enhancement of cell mass production

The transient behavior of continuous fermentation is studied concentrating on the time scale intrinsic to the system. The time scale is the time required for the fermentorto reach a stable steady state after the disturbance of cell mass is introduced. When the cell concentration is disturbed from the steady-state value, in particular, at the dilution rate near washout, the transient period becomes extended significantly, and the steady state is resumed sluggishly. This sluggish transient behavior could be turned to an advantage for enhancing the cell mass output rate. The proposed transient operation is a continuous fermentation whereby a positive disturbance in the cell mass is introduced, so that the cell concentration is higher than the steady-state value for an extended transient period. It is shown that a significantly higher cell mass production than that from the steady-state continuous fermentation can be achieved. Simple experiments were performed to demonstrate the improvement of cell (Candida utilis) productivity.     

Optimal substrate feeding policy for a fed batch fermentation with substrate and product inhibition kinetics

The optimal substrate feeding policy for the fed batch fermentation which is governed by product and substrate inhibited kinetics is presented. The conjunction point between nonsingular and singular arcs and the feeding policy along the singular arc are derived analytically in terms of the concentrations of substrate and product and the liquid volume. Thus, it is possible to determine the feeding rate by monitoring the state variables (i.e., closed loop control). As a specific example, an optimization study of the fed batch fermentation for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. It is shown that the optimal feeding patterns are heavily dependent upon the initial conditions. The point selectivity provides the guideline for predicting the optimal feeding patterns and explaining the results of rigorous mathematical analysis.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON INCREASING GROWTH AND REJUVENATION FOR OSSIFIED EELS WITH THE MICROECOLOGICS

This paper was adopting intestinal normal microbiota: Micrococcus tntestinalt, sp. and Beneckea campbell, and were prepared to microecologics, also gave a rebuild of intestinal micro ecospecies for ossified eels, and research effect of increasing growth and rejuvenation to them, by the microecologics. Moreover, specially to set up double-control, including a thyroideum medicament and an empty test group, for the comparison and analysis. Our results show that the intestinal microecologics of eel, for increasing growth and rejuvenation to ossified eels, that are botth achieve striking effect. But looked the thyroideum for increasing growth to ossified eels were be very effective. Nevertheless, which for rejuvenation was failed to take effect.Furthermore, we inc-lined to believe that the could be possible still significance of effect, if again added intestinal obligate anserobes of adult eels, and the cerebiogen into this microecologics.     

热带旅游海岛珊瑚礁生态脆弱性评价——以马来西亚热浪岛和停泊岛为例

珊瑚礁生态系统提供了重要的经济和生态效益,但人类活动和气候变化已威胁到脆弱的珊瑚礁生态系统。本研究选取马来西亚的热门旅游海岛——热浪岛和停泊岛作为研究区域,基于暴露性-敏感性-适应性模型框架,结合调查数据和人类活动兴趣点空间分析方法建立珊瑚礁生态脆弱性评价指标体系,评估研究区珊瑚礁的生态脆弱程度,并提出管控对策。结果表明：研究区珊瑚礁生态脆弱性指数为-0.30～0.66,热浪岛周边站位生态脆弱性指数平均值为0.08,停泊岛周边站位生态脆弱性指数平均值为0.26,停泊岛区域的珊瑚礁脆弱性整体高于热浪岛,高度脆弱地点主要聚集在大小停泊岛的南部,而轻度脆弱地点位于停泊岛西北和热浪岛东部。冗余分析结果表明,影响珊瑚礁生态脆弱性的主要环境因子为盐度、浊度,主要人类活动因子为度假村和客运码头。控制娱乐设施与珊瑚礁区的距离、对海洋公园进行功能区划分等措施可能对降低当地珊瑚礁脆弱性具有积极意义,可作为当地珊瑚礁保护管理的备选对策。     

The Conservation Status of Hong Kong's Tree Flora

1IntroductionHongKongliesonthesouthcoastofChinabetweenlatitudes22?9'-22?TNandlon-gitudesl13?2'Nl14?0'E.ItconsistsofasectionoftheChinesemainland(KowloonandtheNewTerritories,782km2)andnumerousislands,ofwhichthelargestareLantauIsland(142km2)andHongKongIsland(78km2).Thetotalareais1076km2.Thetopographyisextremelyrugged,reaching957matthehighestpoint,TaiMoShah,intheNewTerrito-ries.HongKong'spopulationof6millionpeopleisconcentratedonthelimitednaturalflatland,whichhasbeenextendedbycoastalrecla…