体液酸碱平衡的维持

正常人体体液的pH值常稳定在7.35—7.45范围内,平均为7.4。维持体液酸碱度的相对衡定,对人体正常生理活动是非常重要的。本文拟就体液酸碱平衡的维持做一简单介绍。缓冲系统缓冲系统是维持体液酸碱平衡的重要因素之一,每个缓冲系统都是由几对具有缓冲作用的物质(缓冲对)所组成,每一“缓冲对”又都是由一种弱酸和这种弱酸的碱性盐组成。人体组织和血液内的缓冲系统可分为三类: 1.碳酸氢盐系统包括 NaHCO_3/H_2CO,(存于血浆内)和KHCO_3/H_2CO_3(存于细胞内)。 2.磷酸盐系统包括 Na_2HPO_4/NaH_2PO_4     

钡、锌和镉离子对离体蜗牛食道下神经节细胞放电的影响

本文应用了细胞内微电极电位记录技术和放射性同位素示踪方法研究了与钙通道具有不同关系的Ba~(2 )、Zn~(2 )和Ca~(2 )三种二价阳离子对爆放性放电的效应,并对其机理作了初步讨论.20mMBaCl_2或17mM ZnSO_4均可使具有自发放电的神经细胞产生爆放性放电.Ba~(2 )和Zn~(2 )引起的爆放性放电,在振幅、持续时间、去极化波振幅和峰电位数等参数上都具有统计学意义上的高度显著性差异.10mM CdCl_2对自发动作电位在振幅和频率上均显示抑制效应.~(45)Ca同位素示踪实验结果表明,在Ba~(2 )、Zn~(2 )和Cd~(2 )的分别作用下,~(45)Ca进入胞内量都是减少的.     

理解运动行为抑制调控的新视角：乙酰胆碱门控氯离子通道受体

Acetylcholine, the first identified neurotransmitter, plays crucial roles in various brain functions. One well-known case is its involvement as an activating neurotransmitter in the regulation of locomotion. However, its inhibitory regulatory role, particularly in locomotion, remains poorly understood. In a study conducted by Polat et al., the authors investigated the inhibitory role of acetylcholine in locomotion in C. elegans. In this organism, the acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptor consists of four subunits. The authors thoroughly examined the loss-of-function of each subunit in movement regulation. Interestingly, the mutant worms were still capable of performing various movements such as forward, backward crawling, and turning, suggesting that the overall movement was not significantly affected. However, quantitative behavior analysis revealed subtle yet significant differences in the timing and postures of the movement in these mutants. Furthermore, the authors employed optogenetics to stimulate a specific neuron involved in backward crawling and demonstrated that the loss-of-function of the receptors in individual neurons affects the transitioning between locomotion modes. This work provides evidence for the inhibitory regulatory role of acetylcholine in locomotion. The loss-of-function of acetylcholine-gated chloride channel receptors likely disrupts the balance of neuronal and circuit physiology, thereby affecting the regulation of locomotion. Moreover, this study highlights the powerful role of quantitative behavior analysis in discovering and understanding more sophisticated functions of neural circuits.     

尿素氮-葡萄糖双功能分析仪的研究

由固定化脲酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、谷氨酸氧化酶、葡萄糖氧化酶的复合酶膜组成的双电极系统,可以同时测定尿素氮和葡萄糖的含量,每次进样量为25μl,20s即可测定出尿素氮和葡萄糖的含量。在0～60mg/dl尿素氮、0～500mg/dl葡萄糖范围内具有良好的线性关系。连续测定20次的变异系数分别为1.02％和1.05％。酶膜使用寿命为两星期以上。此仪器可广泛应用于临床检验和体育训练中。     

一个链霉菌新种及其灭蚊效果

对具有灭蚊效果的链霉菌N0．7180进行了形态、培养特征和生理生化特性的研究,认为与已知的近似种都不相同,是一个新种,定名为灭蚊链霉菌(Streptomyces culicidicus Yan et al. n.sp.),它的培养物对中华按蚊、致乏库蚊、二带喙库蚊、三带喙库蚊、褐尾库蚊、骚扰阿蚊等幼虫有显著的毒杀效果。     

固氮阴沟肠细菌(Enterobacter cloacae)某些生理特性的研究

从广东省水稻根际分离出的阴沟肠细菌是一种兼性厌氧细菌。它具有较高的固氮能力。在培养过程中产生乳酸和氢、二氧化碳、氨等大量气体,并能排出一些含肽物质。在好气条件下,介质中硝酸盐能诱导形成硝酸还原酶,其活性随硝酸盐浓度增加而升高,硝酸盐浓度过高时抑制其活性。固氮酶活性则相反,随硝酸盐浓度增加而急剧下降,直至全部丧失。在厌氧条件下E.cloacae具有需硝酸的固氮活性。     

单细胞蓝细菌粘球藻的分离培养及固氮能力研究

本文报道了单细胞蓝细菌粘球藻(Gloeocapsa spp．)的分离培养新方法。经改进后的趣声波处理方法比前人报道的分离方法更简便有效,又不会对菌体产生不良影响。应用这一方法,从国内不同生态环境的土壤样品中,首次分离到4株Gloeocapsa spp．纯培养体,同时还证实了它们均有固氮酶活性。