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1.
Gabaculine Inhibition of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Nodulation in Phaseolus lunatus L 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Gabaculine (3-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid) was an inhibitor of in vivo chlorophyll biosynthesis in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L. cv Henderson). When applied to roots of 9-day-old plants, 10 micromolar gabaculine was sufficient to terminate biosynthesis of new chlorophyll. The trifoliolate leaves which emerged after gabaculine treatment were yellow. Gabaculine-treated plants had slightly lower dry weights; yet, overall plant size showed very little change. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics and CO2 exchange measurements were used to monitor both immediate and long-term effects of gabaculine on photosynthesis. A lowered rate of the decline from the maximum level of fluorescence was observed after 10 hours for nitrate-supplemented plants, and all treated plants showed a slightly increased level of original fluorescence after 6 days. No change was observed in the rate of photosynthesis by unifoliolate leaves. The trifoliolate leaves, though not able to photosynthesize, were able to continue respiration. This suggested that heme biosynthesis for mitochondrial cytochromes was not abolished. In untreated lima bean, root nodules were induced by Rhizobium sp. 127E15. Following gabaculine treatment, root nodules formed, but were largely ineffective in nitrogen fixation. Nodule dry weight, nitrogen fixation activity, and leghemoglobin content were decreased by gabaculine. 相似文献
2.
Anecdotal, historical and critical commentaries on genetics twenty years of illegitimate recombination 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Anderson P 《Genetics》1987,115(4):581-583
3.
Elicitor-active preparations from the fungal pathogen of bean Colletotrichum lindemuthianum stimulated the accumulation of products characteristic of lipid peroxidation in treated bean tissues. Bean suspension cells treated with crude and purified elicitors accumulated `lipofuscin-like pigment' (LEP) and malondialdehyde. The accumulation of LFP after about 6 h of treatment coincided with the onset of visible browning and production of the bean phytoalexins kievitone, phaseollin, and phaseollinisoflavan. The induction of phytoalexins and accumulation of LFP were also triggered by treatments with generators of activated oxygen species, xanthine:xanthine oxidase and Fe:ethylenediaminedi-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. These data suggest that generation of active oxygen species may be involved in lipid peroxidation triggered by elicitors. 相似文献
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Atrazine Resistance in a Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Biotype Due to Enhanced Glutathione S-Transferase Activity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
We previously reported that a velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic) biotype found in Maryland was resistant to atrazine because of an enhanced capacity to detoxify the herbicide via glutathione conjugation (JW Gronwald, Andersen RN, Yee C [1989] Pestic Biochem Physiol 34: 149-163). The biochemical basis for the enhanced atrazine conjugation capacity in this biotype was examined. Glutathione levels and glutathione S-transferase activity were determined in extracts from the atrazine-resistant biotype and an atrazine-susceptible or “wild-type” velvetleaf biotype. In both biotypes, the highest concentration of glutathione (approximately 500 nanomoles per gram fresh weight) was found in leaf tissue. However, no significant differences were found in glutathione levels in roots, stems, or leaves of either biotype. In both biotypes, the highest concentration of glutathione S-transferase activity measured with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene or atrazine as substrate was in leaf tissue. Glutathione S-transferase measured with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate was 40 and 25% greater in leaf and stem tissue, respectively, of the susceptible biotype compared to the resistant biotype. In contrast, glutathione S-transferase activity measured with atrazine as substrate was 4.4- and 3.6-fold greater in leaf and stem tissue, respectively, of the resistant biotype. Kinetic analyses of glutathione S-transferase activity in leaf extracts from the resistant and susceptible biotypes were performed with the substrates glutathione, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and atrazine. There was little or no change in apparent Km values for glutathione, atrazine, or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. However, the Vmax for glutathione and atrazine were approximately 3-fold higher in the resistant biotype than in the susceptible biotype. In contrast, the Vmax for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was 30% lower in the resistant biotype. Leaf glutathione S-transferase isozymes that exhibit activity with atrazine and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were separated by fast protein liquid (anion-exchange) chromatography. The susceptible biotype had three peaks exhibiting activity with atrazine and the resistant biotype had two. The two peaks of glutathione S-transferase activity with atrazine from the resistant biotype coeluted with two of the peaks from the susceptible biotype, but peak height was three- to fourfold greater in the resistant biotype. In both biotypes, two of the peaks that exhibit glutathione S-transferase activity with atrazine also exhibited activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, with the peak height being greater in the susceptible biotype. The results indicate that atrazine resistance in the velvetleaf biotype from Maryland is due to enhanced glutathione S-transferase activity for atrazine in leaf and stem tissue which results in an enhanced capacity to detoxify the herbicide via glutathione conjugation. 相似文献
6.
At least three genes that play crucial roles in dorsal-ventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo appear to encode extracellular proteases. These proteases are involved in the generation of localized extracellular ligands for membrane receptors. Because the sequences of these gene products closely resemble those of mammalian enzymes that have been studied in detail biochemically, it is possible to draw on the wealth of information on the biochemical mechanisms that regulate protease activity to make inferences about how proteases can be used to generate spatial asymmetries within fields of cells. 相似文献
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致癌的甲基异戊基亚硝胺和亚硝基哌啶的前体物——甲基异戊胺和哌啶可由食管癌高发区(林县)食物中常见的真菌(串珠镰刀菌和圆弧青霉)利用异戊胺和异丁胺来合成。本文报道这项实验结果,并对真菌在致癌物亚硝胺形成中的作用进行了探讨。 相似文献
9.
Simultaneous Measurements of Steady State Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and CO(2) Assimilation in Leaves: The Relationship between Fluorescence and Photosynthesis in C(3) and C(4) Plants 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Rates of CO2 assimilation and steady state chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured simultaneously at different intercellular partial pressures of CO2 in attached cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Deltapine 16) leaves at 25°C. Electron transport activity for CO2 assimilation plus photorespiration was calculated for these experiments. Under light saturating (1750 microeinsteins per square meter per second) and light limiting (700 microeinsteins per square meter per second) conditions there was a good correlation between fluorescence and the calculated electron transport activity at 19 and 200 millibars O2, and between fluorescence and rates of CO2 assimilation at 19 millibars but not 200 millibars O2. The values of fluorescence measured at about 220 microbars intercellular CO2 were not greatly affected by increasing O2 from 19 to 800 millibars. Fluorescence increased with light intensity at any one intercellular CO2 partial pressure. But the values obtained for fluorescence, expressed as a ratio of the maximum fluorescence obtained in DCMU-treated tissue, over the same range of CO2 partial pressure at 500 microeinsteins per square meter per second were similar to those obtained at 1000 and 2000 microeinsteins per square meter per second. There were two phases in the observed correlation between fluorescence and calculated electron transport activity: an initial inverse relationship at low CO2 partial pressures which reversed to a positive correlation at higher values of CO2 partial pressures. Similar results were observed in the C3 species Helianthus annuus L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., and Brassica chinensis. In all C4 species (Zea mays L., Sorghum bicolor L., Panicum maximum Jacq., Amaranthus edulis Speg., and Echinochloa frumentacea [Roxb.] Link) examined changes in fluorescence were directly correlated with changes in CO2 assimilation rates. The nature and the extent to which Q (primary quencher) and high-energy state (qE) quenching function in determining the steady state fluorescence obtained during photosynthesis in leaves is discussed. 相似文献
10.