Optimal substrate feeding policy for a fed batch fermentation with substrate and product inhibition kinetics

The optimal substrate feeding policy for the fed batch fermentation which is governed by product and substrate inhibited kinetics is presented. The conjunction point between nonsingular and singular arcs and the feeding policy along the singular arc are derived analytically in terms of the concentrations of substrate and product and the liquid volume. Thus, it is possible to determine the feeding rate by monitoring the state variables (i.e., closed loop control). As a specific example, an optimization study of the fed batch fermentation for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. It is shown that the optimal feeding patterns are heavily dependent upon the initial conditions. The point selectivity provides the guideline for predicting the optimal feeding patterns and explaining the results of rigorous mathematical analysis.     

大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanolenca)显带染色体的研究

大熊猫系我国特产的世界珍稀动物,素有“活化石”和“国宝”之称。限于材料来源,虽有核型的少数报道（邓承宗等,1980;陈文元等,1984;Newnham et al.,1966）,但研究尚不够深入。1980年,Wurster-Hill和Bush首先报道了大熊猫（）的显带核型,并与杂交熊等比较,探讨了大熊猫的分类地位。本文对四只大熊猫的G带、C带核型和Ag-NORs作了分析,绘制了G带核型模式图,并提出了某些商榷的意见。     

小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂染色体的制备

PreparationofMeioticKarytypeofMouseOocyteLiChaojunYanLeipingZhangXiranChenYifeng(BiologyDepartmentofNanjingNormalUniversity,Nanjing210097)哺乳动物的卵母细胞的减数分裂过程中存在两次自发的停滞现象,第一次是在第一次减数分裂前期的双线期,这一静止期持续很长时间,一直到动物性成熟后卵母细胞进入发有周刎,在保住腺激素的作用下,卵母细胞的第一次减数分裂才重新启动．完成第一次减数分裂后．又停滞在第二次减数分裂的中期,在椅子或化学因素刺激的作用下,完成第二次减数分裂[4]．因此,对哺乳动物的卵母细胞在一…     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON INCREASING GROWTH AND REJUVENATION FOR OSSIFIED EELS WITH THE MICROECOLOGICS

This paper was adopting intestinal normal microbiota: Micrococcus tntestinalt, sp. and Beneckea campbell, and were prepared to microecologics, also gave a rebuild of intestinal micro ecospecies for ossified eels, and research effect of increasing growth and rejuvenation to them, by the microecologics. Moreover, specially to set up double-control, including a thyroideum medicament and an empty test group, for the comparison and analysis. Our results show that the intestinal microecologics of eel, for increasing growth and rejuvenation to ossified eels, that are botth achieve striking effect. But looked the thyroideum for increasing growth to ossified eels were be very effective. Nevertheless, which for rejuvenation was failed to take effect.Furthermore, we inc-lined to believe that the could be possible still significance of effect, if again added intestinal obligate anserobes of adult eels, and the cerebiogen into this microecologics.     

罗非鱼TRAF3基因的表达及功能研究

肿瘤坏死因子受体(TNFR)相关因子3(TRAF3)是多种免疫途径中的关键调控因子。从尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)中克隆获得了TRAF3基因, 命名为OnTRAF3(GeneBank No. MN258118), 该基因包含1个环指结构域、1个锌指结构域、1个卷曲螺旋和MATH结构域。多序列比对表明, OnTRAF3与其他已知的TRAF3蛋白具有高度的相似性, 尤其是MATH结构域。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析显示, OnTRAF3在各组织中广泛分布, 且在脑、皮肤、肠和鳃中表达量较高。在无乳链球菌诱导后, 多个组织中的OnTRAF3表达量出现了不同程度的上调, 说明OnTRAF3参与了罗非鱼的抗菌免疫应答。亚细胞定位实验显示, OnTRAF3分布在HEK293的细胞质和细胞核中。此外, 荧光素酶报告基因实验结果显示, 野生型(WT)OnTRAF3可显著激活NF-κB信号, 而coiled-coil和MATH 结构域缺失后, 依然能够显著激活NF-κB 活性, 而RING 和Zinc缺失后, 该激活作用则明显减弱, 表明RING 和Zinc 结构域是OnTRAF3在免疫信号通路中行使功能的关键结构域。研究为探索TRAF3在罗非鱼免疫应答中的功能提供了重要的基础。     

热带旅游海岛珊瑚礁生态脆弱性评价——以马来西亚热浪岛和停泊岛为例

珊瑚礁生态系统提供了重要的经济和生态效益,但人类活动和气候变化已威胁到脆弱的珊瑚礁生态系统。本研究选取马来西亚的热门旅游海岛——热浪岛和停泊岛作为研究区域,基于暴露性-敏感性-适应性模型框架,结合调查数据和人类活动兴趣点空间分析方法建立珊瑚礁生态脆弱性评价指标体系,评估研究区珊瑚礁的生态脆弱程度,并提出管控对策。结果表明：研究区珊瑚礁生态脆弱性指数为-0.30～0.66,热浪岛周边站位生态脆弱性指数平均值为0.08,停泊岛周边站位生态脆弱性指数平均值为0.26,停泊岛区域的珊瑚礁脆弱性整体高于热浪岛,高度脆弱地点主要聚集在大小停泊岛的南部,而轻度脆弱地点位于停泊岛西北和热浪岛东部。冗余分析结果表明,影响珊瑚礁生态脆弱性的主要环境因子为盐度、浊度,主要人类活动因子为度假村和客运码头。控制娱乐设施与珊瑚礁区的距离、对海洋公园进行功能区划分等措施可能对降低当地珊瑚礁脆弱性具有积极意义,可作为当地珊瑚礁保护管理的备选对策。