新型冠状病毒肺炎入境筛查患者膳食营养调查

目的：了解新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）入境筛查患者膳食状况,为改善其营养状况提供科学依据。方法：采用食物频率法调查2020年3月25日—2020年6月18日于定点医院就诊的18~50岁COVID-19入境筛查患者（包括可疑症状患者及无症状感染者）的饮食状况,计算能量及营养素摄入量,并与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量进行比较。结果：调查共纳入247人,其中可疑症状患者211人、无症状感染者36人。筛查患者水产类、蔬菜、水果、大豆类存在不同程度的摄入不足;畜禽类、蛋类摄入过量;膳食纤维、硫胺素、钙摄入不足;无症状感染者水产类摄入量高于可疑症状患者（P<0.05）;男性无症状感染者膳食纤维及维生素E摄入量高于可疑症状患者,女性无症状感染者维生素E及钾摄入量高于可疑症状患者（P<0.05）。筛查患者蛋白质供能比及优质蛋白比例合理,无症状感染者脂肪供能比偏高、碳水化合物供能比偏低。结论：入境筛查患者膳食结构不合理,应对其进行营养宣教,并根据人群特点调整饮食结构。     

黄粉虫抗菌肽在大肠杆菌中表达条件优化及活性分析

为了提高黄粉虫抗菌肽基因tmAMP1m在大肠杆菌中的表达量,研究了培养温度、诱导时间及IPTG浓度等不同条件对HIS-TmAMP1m融合蛋白表达量和活性的影响。通过Tricine-SDS-PAGE分析确定最佳表达条件,同时,通过琼脂孔穴扩散法检测其抑菌活性。结果表明,含有重组质粒的大肠杆菌在37℃,使用终浓度为0.1 mmol/L IPTG培养4 h时,融合蛋白表达量较高,可占细菌总蛋白40%以上,抗菌活性最好。用Ni2+亲和层析纯化获得较纯的融合蛋白,Western blotting分析表明其能与His单克隆抗体起特异性反应。诱导表达的融合蛋白对宿主菌生长产生一定程度抑制。融合蛋白经100℃煮沸10 h,在20℃反复冻融10次,与强酸强碱缓冲液、不同的有机溶剂和蛋白酶混合后都具有极强的稳定性,仍然表现出良好的抗菌活性。此外,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)测定结果表明,融合蛋白对5种菌具有良好的抗菌活性。研究结果为昆虫抗菌肽推广应用和进一步研究奠定了基础。     

绿茶文化主题旅游产品的开发与设计

中国是茶的故乡,是最早利用和饮用茶叶的国家。同样,中国有茶文化旅游的悠久历史和传统,近年来国内已陆续开发一些以茶为主题的旅游活动,主要形式是茶园观光、茶叶采摘体验,品茶赏茶等。本文阐释了绿茶文化主题旅游产品的开发的意义,介绍了绿茶文化旅游产品开发的原则和产品设计的几种方法,对于未来茶文化旅游的市场细分有一定的借鉴意义。     

麻雀幼鸟和成鸟逃逸距离的比较

逃逸是鸟类常用的反捕食手段。自然选择会优化鸟类的逃逸距离,以便在躲避被捕食风险和保持能量之间做出权衡。理论模型预测动物个体可依据期望寿命来调整自身的行为：期望寿命短的个体倾向于风险偏好,即逃逸距离短;而期望寿命长的个体倾向于风险回避,即逃逸距离长。同时,逃逸距离还受到外部因素（如人为干扰强度、鸟类群体大小）的影响。本研究在北京城区收集了麻雀（Passer montanus）145只成鸟和75只幼鸟的逃逸距离数据,发现麻雀成鸟比幼鸟有着更长的逃逸距离,且成鸟更可能是群体中首先逃逸的个体。此外,研究发现麻雀的逃逸距离随着人为干扰强度的增加而降低,随着群体大小增加而增加。本研究结果符合理论预期：存活率高的类群（成鸟）有着更长的逃逸距离。     

Cellulose structure and lignin distribution in normal and compression wood of the Maidenhair tree(Ginkgo biloba L.)

We studied in detail the mean micro fibril angle and the width of cellulose crystals from the pith to the bark of a 15-year-old Maidenhair tree(Ginkgo biloba L.). The orientation of cellulose micro fibrils with respect to the cell axis and the width and length of cellulose crystallites were determined using Xray diffraction. Raman microscopy was used to compare the lignin distribution in the cell wall of normal/opposite and compression wood, which was found near the pith. Ginkgo biloba showed a relatively large mean micro fibril angle,varying between 19° and 39° in the S2 layer, and the average width of cellulose crystallites was 3.1–3.2 nm. Mild compression wood without any intercellular spaces or helical cavities was observed near the pith. Slit-like bordered pit openings and a heavily lignified S2 L layer con firmed the presence of compression wood. Ginkgo biloba showed typical features present in the juvenile wood of conifers. The micro fibril angle remained large over the 14 annual rings. The entire stem disc,with a diameter of 18 cm, was considered to consist of juvenile wood. The properties of juvenile and compression wood as well as the cellulose orientation and crystalline width indicate that the wood formation of G. biloba is similar to that of modern conifers.     

Osmotic regulation of bile acid transport, apoptosis and proliferation in rat liver

Changes in mammalian cell volume as induced by either anisoosmolarity, hormones, nutrients or oxidative stress critically contribute to the regulation of metabolism, membrane transport, gene expression and the susceptibility to cellular stress. Osmosensing, i.e. the registration of cell volume changes, triggers signal transduction pathways towards effector pathways (osmosignaling) which link alterations of cell volume to changes in cell function. This review summarizes our own work on the understanding of how osmosensing and osmosignaling integrate into the overall context of bile acid transport, growth factor signaling and the execution of apoptotic programs.     

麻疯树鲨烯合酶基因SQS的克隆及生物信息学分析

以麻疯树(Jatropha curcas L.)总RNA为模板,根据已报道的鲨烯合酶基因序列设计简并引物,用RACE方法克隆得到麻疯树鲨烯合酶基因全长cDNA,命名为JcSQS。JcSQS全长1609 bp,包含1个1242 bp的开放阅读框,预测麻疯树鲨烯合酶基因编码的蛋白含有413个氨基酸。JcSQS具有鲨烯合酶类的保守结构域,JcSQS 蛋白与蓖麻、柿、木榄等植物中SQS基因编码的氨基酸序列具有高度同源性。这为研究麻疯树萜烯类物质的生物合成和调控机制奠定了基础。     

Direct probing of ion pair formation using a symmetric triangulenium dye

The 2,6,10-tris(dialkylamino)trioxatriangulenium dyes (ATOTA(+)) are highly stabilised cationic chromophores with D(3h) symmetry. The symmetry gives rise to a degeneracy of the main electronic transition. In low polarity solvents significant splitting of this degenerate transition is observed and assigned to ion pair formation. Ion pairing of the 2,6,10-tris(dioctylamino)trioxatriangulenium ion with Cl(-), BF(4)(-), PF(6)(-) and TRISPHAT anions was studied using absorption spectroscopy. A clear correlation is found between the size of the anion and the splitting of the ATOTA(+) transitions. In benzene the Cl(-) salt displays a splitting of 1955 cm(-1), while the salt of the much larger TRISPHAT ion has a splitting of 1543 cm(-1). TD-DFT calculations confirm the splitting of the states and provide a detailed insight into the electronic structure of the ion pairs. The different degree of splitting in different ion pairs is found to correlate with the magnitude of the electric field generated in each ion pair, thus leading to the conclusion that the effect seen is an internal Stark effect. By insertion of an amphiphilic derivative of the ATOTA(+) chromophore in an oriented lamellar liquid crystal, it was possible to resolve the two bands of the double peak spectrum and show their perpendicular orientation in the molecular framework, as predicted by the calculations.